. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/315 2026-05-28T08:40:07Z 2026-05-28T08:40:07Z Attard, Tamara Attard, Everaldo https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/146782 2026-05-25T14:00:22Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Canary Broom (Cytisus canariensis (L.) Kuntze Fabaceae) Authors: Attard, Tamara; Attard, Everaldo Abstract: Cytisus canariensis (L.) Kuntze, commonly known as Canary Island Bloom (Figure 21.1), is known for its characteristically yellow flowers. It is a coastal plant and an endemic of the Canary Islands. This archipelago is com posed of seven islands, namely, Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, and El Hierro, close to West Coast of Morocco (Chaachouay et al., 2019). Though being autonomous communities of Spain, the plant has been introduced to continental Europe and beyond. It is a member of the pea family, also known as legumes. In spite of its long- standing history as a hallucinogen, it is currently being investigated as a viable alternative to tobacco or as a supplementary component to mitigate the inhalation of tobacco by individuals who smoke. When consumed in the form of cigarettes, G. canariensis exhibits effects that are comparable to, or somewhat less intense than, those of tobacco cigarettes. The observed aftertaste of electronic cigarettes is characterized by its sweetness, in contrast to the mildly bitter aftertaste com monly associated with traditional tobacco cigarettes (Fadiman, 1965).

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Ammendolia, Ilaria Attard, Everaldo Esposito, Emanuela Calapai, Gioacchino Currò, Mariaconcetta Midiri, Paola Attard, Tamara Cancellieri, Antonino Cardia, Luigi Calapai, Fabrizio https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/146781 2026-05-25T13:46:58Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Hepatotoxic reactions and pharmacological interactions related to Hypericum perforatum medical use : a disproportionality analysis of EudraVigilance data Authors: Ammendolia, Ilaria; Attard, Everaldo; Esposito, Emanuela; Calapai, Gioacchino; Currò, Mariaconcetta; Midiri, Paola; Attard, Tamara; Cancellieri, Antonino; Cardia, Luigi; Calapai, Fabrizio Abstract: Hypericum perforatum is a very popular traditional herbal medicine used for antidepressant effects. Hypericum perforatum herbal preparations can be the cause for pharmacokinetic interactions due to the possibility that components of the plant induce the activity of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and P-glycoprotein. The aim of this study is to update the safety profile related with the use of Hypericum perforatum in European countries. An analysis was conducted on spontaneous reports of suspected adverse reactions (SARs) recorded in the EudraVigilance database. In addition, a disproportionality analysis was performed to compare SARs related to hepatobiliary disorders in patients exposed to Hypericum perforatum with those reported for the synthetic antidepressants fluoxetine and citalopram. Both drug interactions and hepatobiliary disorders were specifically assessed as adverse reactions associated with Hypericum perforatum in comparison to the reference drugs. Pharmacological interactions were the most frequent cause of SARs caused by Hypericum perforatum, while analysis of disproportionality showed that Hypericum perforatumwas associated with a higher reporting probability of “Hepatobiliary disorders” and, although to a lesser extent, also “Drug interactions”, in comparison to fluoxetine and citalopram. Data from this research draws attention to the potential hepatotoxicity of Hypericum perforatum and suggests a deeper study of the causes, which appear to be only partially linked with the mechanisms that produce pharmacological interactions.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Kozuharova, Ekaterina Pasdaran, Ardalan Hamedi, Azadeh Batovska, Daniela Georgiev, Milen Marchev, Andrey Attard, Everaldo Gibernau, Marc https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/146780 2026-05-25T13:42:14Z 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Bioactive compounds and biological activities of Arum L. Authors: Kozuharova, Ekaterina; Pasdaran, Ardalan; Hamedi, Azadeh; Batovska, Daniela; Georgiev, Milen; Marchev, Andrey; Attard, Everaldo; Gibernau, Marc Abstract: The genus Arum L. consists of 29 species of tuberous plants occurring in the temperate and Mediterranean parts of the Old World. The range of distribution of the genus expands from the Azores to western China and from Sweden to North Africa. It is a challenge sometimes to distinguish the species. From vegetative characters, arums are in general rather similar in appearance and exhibit a high plasticity. While conforming to the same inflorescence architecture, they display a wide range of discriminant floral characters (type of florets, size, shape, or color). This chapter summarizes the traditional use of Arum species for both food and medicinal purposes, as well as biologically active compounds and pharmacological activities. According to ethnobotanical data, the most frequent traditional medicinal use of several Arum species is to cure hemorrhoids. The storage organs contain carbohydrates, proteins, lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins), fatty acids, etc., but in general, the genus Arum is poorly studied regarding phytochemicals. Biologically active compounds identified in various parts of Arum species include phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, etc. Various extracts from these plants have analgesic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and anticancer properties, cardiovascular protective effects, and immune-modulating activity. But Arum species contain raphides of non-soluble calcium oxalate and other toxic compounds and should be used with caution. These plants possess high medicinal potential and deserve further scientific research attention. At the same time, appropriate cultivation techniques need to be developed.

2023-01-01T00:00:00Z Buttigieg, Jamie Sinagra, Emmanuel Attard, Everaldo https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/146727 2026-05-22T10:30:24Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Physicochemical characteristics, in vitro ruminal digestibility, bioactive compounds, and estimated methane production of wild floral species in goats from the republic of Malta : a descriptive study Authors: Buttigieg, Jamie; Sinagra, Emmanuel; Attard, Everaldo Abstract: Goats and other ruminants produce methane during digestion, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and reducing feed efficiency. This study evaluated 32 wild terrestrial plant species from Malta to determine their nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, and potential influence on methane production in goats. Crude protein levels ranged widely among species, with several plants exceeding 25% dry matter and the highest values approaching 32%. Fibre content also varied substantially, with neutral detergent fibre ranging from approximately 12% to 49%. Polyphenol concentrations ranged from 0.07% to 1.30% (w/w), while antioxidant activity differed markedly between species, with IC50 values from 0.37 to 55.9 mg/mL. In vitro methane production after 48 h ranged from about 30 to 198 L CH4 kg⁻¹ depending on the plant species. These results demonstrate that several local plants combine favourable protein content, moderate fibre levels, and bioactive compounds that may influence rumen fermentation and methane formation. The findings identify underutilized Maltese plant species that warrant further evaluation as supplementary feed resources for goats, although in vivo studies are needed before their use can be recommended in practice.

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