https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/346 2026-04-12T21:37:40Z 2026-04-12T21:37:40Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145378 2026-04-07T13:09:20Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The importance of due diligence procedures on sole traders in local banks Abstract: Sole traders have a relatively less restricted internal system than bigger organizations, which makes them more susceptible to oversight and financial scrutiny. The objective of this research is to explain the need for due diligence procedures on sole traders. Due diligence is perhaps one of the most commonly applied legal requirements, yet its implementation and consequences on small self-employed business owners is often neglected. This study aims to fill that gap and hopes to show how such practices affect the sustainability and credibility of sole traders as well as to the financial wellbeing of the bank. A qualitative method of data collection was used for this study. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from local banks and regulatory bodies. Thematic analysis of these interviews showed specific patterns regarding the application of due diligence and the challenges encountered in working with sole traders. Due diligence, even when providing greater clarity of risks and ensuring prudent management, appears to hinder sole traders who lack formal documents and basic financial understanding. Custom-tailored due-diligence methodologies can increase inclusive corporate registration and compliant governance structures, as suggested by the study's findings. Description: B.A. (Hons) Criminology(Melit.)

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145288 2026-04-02T07:55:45Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Money laundering in the football industry through the transfer market Abstract: This dissertation explores the implementation and efficacy of AML regulations within the context of football player transfers in Malta. With increasing global attention on the financial integrity of the sports industry, this research investigates how Maltese football clubs and authorities adhere to AML requirements and the challenges they face in ensuring compliance. Opposed to the majority of the research conducted within the criminological framework, this study utilises a qualitative research approach, with semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders, including regulatory officials and club representatives. The results indicate that while a foundational understanding of AML principles exists, there is a lack of uniformity in implementation, insufficient training, and limited proactive efforts to mitigate money laundering risks. The study concludes by recommending targeted policy changes, improved educational initiatives, and stronger collaboration between clubs and national regulatory bodies. These insights aim to contribute to the development of a more robust AML framework tailored to the specific needs of the football industry in Malta. Description: B.A. (Hons) Criminology(Melit.)

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Scicluna, Sandra https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145083 2026-03-23T11:18:45Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Double imprisonment : the trans experience in prison : issues and policy Authors: Scicluna, Sandra Abstract: The criminal justice system disproportionately affects transgender individuals, who face heightened risks of violence, discrimination, and inadequate healthcare within prisons. This paper investigates the unique challenges transgender prisoners encounter, emphasizing the intersectionality of their experiences with race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, While global data on transgender incarceration rates is limited, studies reveal a higher prevalence of sexual assault and other forms of victimization among transgender inmates compared to the general prison population. The paper aims to analyze these issues and propose reforms, using Malta as a case study for potential solutions. Theoretical frameworks like minority stress theory and intersectionality are employed to understand the complex social and psychological dimensions of transgender prisoners' experiences. Best practice examples related to placement with individuals with the same identity orientation, health access to hormone therapy, addressing trauma – both past and present, training of staff and need research are discussed.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Morgenstern, Christine Larrauri, Elena Bruckmüller, Karin Caenazzo, Luciana Canton, Rob Čepas, Algimantas Johnsen, Berit Snacken, Sonja Mair, George Scicluna, Sandra Ravagnani, Luisa van Zyl Smit, Dirk https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145050 2026-03-20T08:57:54Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: European norms, policy and practice Authors: Morgenstern, Christine; Larrauri, Elena; Bruckmüller, Karin; Caenazzo, Luciana; Canton, Rob; Čepas, Algimantas; Johnsen, Berit; Snacken, Sonja; Mair, George; Scicluna, Sandra; Ravagnani, Luisa; van Zyl Smit, Dirk Abstract: We now have evidence that there is a specifically European approach to key aspects of punishment. There is a pan-European rejection of the death penalty, a European approach to prisoners’ rights, and the Committee for the Prevention of Torture as a strong monitoring body, and we also share the idea that imprisonment must be used as ultima ratio (van Zyl Smit and Snacken, 2009). What we want to know is whether this approach extends to punishment and supervision enforced outside prisons – that is, to community sanctions as sentences and supervision measures before or instead of trial.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z