https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/47681 2026-04-14T06:47:52Z 2026-04-14T06:47:52Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/48645 2020-11-11T10:09:05Z 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Non-communicable diseases in Malta. Abstract: A disease is any condition that disturbs the normal functioning of a living organism, whether in whole or in separate organs or systems. The term may also be defined is the failure of an organism to respond adaptively to its environment. The word disease itself simply means "dis-ease", that is, lack of health and well-being. Disease are usually distinguished from injuries, which are physical disruptions of an organism. In addition, the term usually does not include basic ageing processes, although a number of degenerative conditions associated with ageing are also considered diseases. In humans disease are categorised as acute or severe and short-term; chronic or long-term and recurrent or periodic. Human diseases are usually classified to cause or causes, which are countless and are grouped as external or internal in nature. There are two types of diseases which are communicable and the non-communicable diseases. Communicable disease are synonymous with infectious diseases, they are caused by a living organism and transmitted from person to person or from animal or bird to a man, either directly or indirectly. Non-communicable are those diseases which oppositely cannot be transmitted from person to person. The most common four non-communicable diseases in Malta are Cancer, Diabetes, Coronary Hearth Disease and Stroke. A fully detailed description of these diseases are given further in this project. Description: DIP.ENV.HEALTH

1996-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/48630 2020-11-11T09:49:24Z 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The processing of milk and milk products. Abstract: Unfortunately it is not possible to guarantee that all raw milk is free from pathogenic micro-organisms, even in countries where the standards of animal health are high. Although the national dairy herd in the UK has been nominally free from tubercolosis for many years, and from brucellosis since 1981, no system of testing can ensure that any one time, micro-organisms are not being excreted into the milk by some cows. Mastitis in cattle is widespread, and micro-organisms that cause mastitis may directly or indirectly affect humans. Streptococci is an example that may cause scarlet fever or septic sore throat, and staphylococci, if subsequently allowed to grow in milk or milk products, may produce toxins which are a cause of food poisoning. Milk may also be contaminated after it leaves the udder, by contact with infected humans or animals, or with unclean utensils. So processes such as pasteurization are used to remove these risks with the minimum effect on quality or nutritive value of the product. Description: DIP.ENV.HEALTH

1996-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/48563 2023-06-30T08:16:30Z 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Cancer risks in diet Abstract: Risk of cancer is primarily dictated by genetic factors that are but very poorly understood. The risk of cancer is, however strongly determined by the environment, encompassing all that impinges on man, including his personal habits and the way of life. The development of a cancer is a two stage process. Initiation is usually brought about by carcinogens --- substances that cherish widespread occurrence and known to instigate adverse changes in cellular DNA. Promotion is a terminal phase which is very often manifested as a malignancy. Under normal circumstances, diet has been postulated as particularly essential for the prevention of cancer and for providing the necessary protection against the effects of carcinogens. However, researchers have now come up with the proposition that food may certainly be a carrier of carcinogenic substances. The aim of this dissertation is to present the available evidence on the occurrence of cancer associated with nutrition, based on the results emanating from a series of epidemiological reports. Description: DIP.ENV.HEALTH

1996-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/48341 2020-11-11T09:06:39Z 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Common communicable disease in the Maltese archipelago. Abstract: A disease is an impairment of health or abnormal functioning of an organism, affecting the entire organism or one organ or system of the body. A disease may be acute, producing severe symptoms for a short time; chronic, lasting a long time; or recurrent with symptoms returning periodically. There are many types and causes of disease (communicable disease), caused by harmful bacteria, viruses and other agents, hereditary and metabolic diseases; diseases of growth and development ; diseases of the immunological system; neoplastic (tumour producing) diseases, nutritional diseases, deficiency diseases; endocrine (hormonal) diseases; diseases due to particular physical agents, eg. lead poisoning, circulatory disease; and mental illness. Treatment depends on the cause and course of the disease, but in general may be symptomatic (relieving symptoms but not necessarily combating the cause of the disease using drug therapy). Surgery is also sometimes a method of treatment. Prevention of disease involves eradication of disease-producing organisms, vaccines to confer immunity against disease, public health measures, careful medical attention and routine medical examinations. Description: DIP.ENV.HEALTH

1996-01-01T00:00:00Z