OAR@UM Collection:https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/515392024-03-28T11:21:58Z2024-03-28T11:21:58ZAn overview of a problem in Hospitaller naval historiographyDebono, Joseph Anthonyhttps://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/515072020-02-16T06:10:46Z1999-08-01T00:00:00ZTitle: An overview of a problem in Hospitaller naval historiography
Authors: Debono, Joseph Anthony
Abstract: The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, frequently referred to as the Religion or the Hospital, is a particular institution. Recognised by Pope Paschal II in 1113, this centuries old Order had a double raison d'etre: To offer hospitality to Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem and to pursue the Holy War against the Infidel. However, the fall of Acre to the Saracens in 1291, made it impossible for the Hospitallers to fulfill their original vocation. After the capture and transformation of Rhodes into their base, they had to find a way of justifying their existence. They quickly came up with a characteristic answer - to wage naval war against Islam. So successful did the Knights become in this new role that the marine branch of the Order's military activities was to come to the greatest prominence, in Rhodes and later in Malta. What were the characteristics of the Order's navy? Small numbers, excellent design and an enviable tradition became the chief qualities of this small but effective nary. What, however, did the Hospitallers do with their galleys? Did they wage war on I slam? Or did their activities degenerate into privateering? This issue is hotly debated by historians of the Order. European Historians have a habit of shuddering away from accusing the Hospitallers of indulging in the corso, as corsairing is known in this context. This paper examines the topic in an attempt to unravel what has become a veritable Gordian knot.1999-08-01T00:00:00ZSicilia e Malta nelle relazioni di viaggio del secolo diciassettesimoEynaud, Josephhttps://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/515052020-02-16T06:11:32Z1999-08-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Sicilia e Malta nelle relazioni di viaggio del secolo diciassettesimo
Authors: Eynaud, Joseph
Abstract: For 18th century intellectuals, travelling to Europe meant a fundamental moment of cultural formation in their lives. Their favourite countries, besides Italy and its south, were Northern Europe, the Balkans, Russia and Spain. In their travel accounts the reader finds fascinating descriptions of cities, landscapes, famous and common people, traditions. Diaries and travel accounts become, therefore, the first studies of a sociological nature. This article will focus on the travel accounts written by European writers, such as Rezzonico, Byrdone and Denon, who included Malta in their itineraries. The Maltese intellectuals of that epoch, such as Leonardo A be la, Domenico Magri and Francesco Buonamico, have also left interesting accounts of their travels especially to Africa, Northern Europe and the Middle East.1999-08-01T00:00:00ZThe role of the tourist guide : a theoretical perspectiveInguanez, Joehttps://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/514812020-02-16T06:11:37Z1999-08-01T00:00:00ZTitle: The role of the tourist guide : a theoretical perspective
Authors: Inguanez, Joe
Abstract: One can view tourism as a socio-cultural subsystem implanted in a particular society and which according to Jafari (1982), promotes the interaction of three cultures: the local culture, the tourist culture and the imported culture. This paper discusses the role of tourist guides in social mediation and cultural brokerage. Examples from the local scene are also given by the author to show the manipulative power tourist guides can wield.1999-08-01T00:00:00ZLanguage maintenance and language shift of the Maltese migrants in Canada : a follow-up to ScirihaSlavik, Hannahhttps://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/514792020-02-16T06:10:59Z1999-08-01T00:00:00ZTitle: Language maintenance and language shift of the Maltese migrants in Canada : a follow-up to Sciriha
Authors: Slavik, Hannah
Abstract: This author investigates the levels of language maintenance and language shift among Maltese-Canadian immigrants living in Toronto, Ontario. The authors research on language use is compared with a similar study carried out by Sciriha in 1989. The results of the more recent study show that the Maltese language is used widely among first generation migrants, but the majority of second generation respondents do not use Maltese in many domains, if at all. Although most respondents believe that it is important to maintain the Maltese language and pass it on to their children, few actually speak Maltese to their children. As predicted by Sciriha (1989) the process of shift from Maltese to English is well underway for the Maltese living in Toronto.1999-08-01T00:00:00Z