https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/696 2026-08-27T17:42:21Z 2026-08-27T17:42:21Z Loaeza, Lizbeth Moreno Lara-Castor, Laura Sharib, Julia R. Cudhea, Frederick Wang, Meng Li, Peizhi Mozaffarian, Dariush Bas, Murat Haidar Ali, Jemal Abumweis, Suhad Krishnan, Anand Misra, Puneet Hwalla, Nahla Chawkat Janakiram, Chandrashekar Indrawaty Liputo, Nur Musaiger, Abdulrahman Pourfarzi, Farhad Alam, Iftikhar DeRidder, Karin Termote, Celine Memon, Anjum Turrini, Aida Lupotto, Elisabetta Piccinelli, Raffaela Sette, Stefania Anzid, Karim Vossenaar, Marieke Mazumdar, Paramita Rached, Ingrid Zapata, María Elisa Rovirosa, Alicia Asayehu, Tamene Taye Aluso, Lilian Oduor, Francis Boedecker, Julia Ortiz-Ulloa, Johana Meenakshi, J.V. Castro, Michelle Grosso, Giuseppe Waskiewicz, Anna Thanopoulou, Anastasia Malekzadeh, Reza Calleja, Neville Etemad, Zohreh Ocke, Marga Al Nsour, Mohannad Waswa, Lydiah M. Nurk, Eha Lee, Hae-Jeung Arsenault, Joanne Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio Mehio Sibai, Abla Damasceno, Albertino Arambepola, Carukshi Lunet, Nuno Severo, Milton Lopes, Carla Torres, Duarte Palacios, Cristina Agdeppa, Imelda Angeles Desnacido, Josie Capanzana, Mario Misra, Anoop Ai Ng, Swee Tan-Khouw, Ilse Delgado, Edna Gamboa Caballero, Mauricio Otero, Johanna Koksal, Eda Guessous, Idris Lachat, Carl De Henauw, Stefaan Sekiyama, Makiko Chiplonkar, Shashi Arici, Mustafa Ngoan, Le Tran Panagiotakos, Demosthenes Ding, Eric Li, Yanping Trichopoulou, Antonia Barengo, Noel Ekbote, Veena Khadilkar, Anuradha Kovalskys, Irina Meshram, Indrapal Avula, Laxmaiah Arlappa, Nimmathota Rajkumar, Hemalatha Rachakulla, Harikumar Hemalatha, Rajkumar Laxmaiah, Avula Lacoviello, Licia Costanzo, Simona Bonaccio, Marialaura Martin-Prevel, Yves Castetbon, Katia Hsieh, Yao-Te Olivares, Sonia Hadziomeragic, Aida de Moura Souza, Amanda Pan, Wen-Harn Huybrechts, Inge de Brauw, Alan Moursi, Mourad Nawidimbasba Zeba, Augustin Maghroun, Maryam Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Mwangi, Moses Mohammadifard, Noushin Goldsmith, Rebecca Keinan-Boker, Lital Shimony, Tal Jordan, Irmgard Bukania, Zipporah Kombe, Yeri Alissa, Eman Sabico, Shaun Al-Daghri, Nasser Gulliford, Martin Oh, Kyungwon Kweon, Sanghui Park, Sihyun Kim, Cho-il Cho, Yoonsu Al-Hooti, Suad Douangvichit, Daovieng Siengsounthone, Latsamy Luangphaxay, Chanthaly Marques-Vidal, Pedro Rybak, Constance Luke, Amy Piaseu, Noppawan Sundram, Kalyana Baykova, Donka Abedi, Parvin Fadzil, Fariza Bukhary, Noriklil Bukhary Ismail Chen, Yu Tsugane, Shoichiro Sawada, Norie Rangelova, Lalka Duleva, Vesselka Petrova, Stefka Bergman, Per Lindroos, Anna Karin Moraeus, Lotta Sipinen, Jessica Petrelius Siamusantu, Ward Szponar, Lucjan Chang, Hsing-Yi Tapanainen, Heli Lindstrom, Jaana Virtanen, Suvi Polasa, Kalpagam Nagalla, Balakrishna Boindala, Sesikeran El Ati, Jalila Barquera, Simon Rodriguez Ramirez, Sonia Ramirez Silva, Ivonne Sanchez-Romero, Luz Maria Illescas-Zarate, Daniel Rivera Dommarco, Juan Zaghloul, Sahar Abdollahi, Morteza Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, Fatemeh Houshiar-rad, Anahita Mahdy, Zaleha Abdullah Karupaiah, Tilakavati Eldridge, Alison Kruger, Herculina Henjum, Sigrun Fernandez, Anne Al-Hamad, Nawal Janská, Veronika Tayyem, Reema Mirmiran, Parvin Kelishadi, Roya Warensjo Lemming, Eva Wieler, Lothar Richter, Almut Mensink, Gert Hoffman, Daniel Kuriyan-Raj, Rebecca Swaminathan, Sumathi Garriguet, Didier Dastgiri, Saeed Vaask, Sirje Zohoori, Fatemeh Vida Esteghamati, Alireza Noshad, Sina Hashemian, Maryam Mwaniki, Elizabeth Yakes-Jimenez, Elizabeth Lennert Veerman, J. Forsyth, Simon Mwanza, Sydney Chileshe, Justin Lera Marques, Lydia Preston, Alan Martin Duran Aguero, Samuel Oleas, Mariana Posada, Luz Ochoa, Angelica Shamsuddin, Khadijah Shariff, Zalilah Mohd Manan, Wan Bin Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan Bovet, Pascal Nicolau, Anca Tudorie, Cornelia Abbott, Pamela Pakseresht, Mohammadreza Sharma, Sangita Strand, Tor Nöthlings, Ute Alexy, Ute Brown, Ken Carmikle, Jan Koster, Jeremy Jayawardena, Ranil Waidyatilaka, Indu Lanerolle, Pulani Khan, Umber S. Mastiholi, Shivanand C. Hambidge, K. Michael Tejeda, Gabriela Long, Julie Diba, Tshilenge S. Haque, Aminul Suarez-Ortegon, Milton Fabian Keding, Gudrun B. Roos, Eva Freese, Riitta Korkalo, Liisa Erkkola, Maijaliisa Eleraky, Laila Stuetz, Wolfgang Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg Thorsdottir, Inga Serra-Majem, Lluis Moy, Foong Ming Anderson, Simon Jeewon, Rajesh Zugravu, Corina Aurelia Ng, Shu Wen Adair, Linda Skeaff, Sheila Fisberg, Regina Marchioni, Dirce Ersino, Getahun Zello, Gordon Henry, Carol Elmadfa, Ibrahim Meyer, Alexa Mitchell, Claudette Balfour, David Geleijnse, Johanna M. Manary, Mark El-kour, Tatyana Nikiema, Laetitia Mirzaei, Masoud Hakeem, Rubina Kally, Ola Bradshaw, Debbie Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Enghardt Barbieri, Helene Sygnowska, Elzbieta Vartiainen, Erkki Fen Chan, Mei Swan, Gillian Haerpfer, Christian Pekcan, Gulden Gauci, Dorothy Tedla, Bemnet Kandiah, Mirnalini Odenkirk, Jillian Beer-Borst, Sigrid Mathee, Angie Ginnela, Brahmam Steingrimsdottir, Laufey Sinkko, Harri Johansson, Lars Ma, Guansheng Riley, Leanne Hopping, Beth Ling, Annie Yap, Mabel Duante, Charmaine Naska, Androniki Bundhamcharoen, Kanitta Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena Fernando, Dulitha Chuah, Khun-Aik Palmer, Pam Tedstone, Alison Jonsdottir, Olof Ma, Yi Orfanos, Philippos Vollenweider, Peter Zarina, Khairul Inoue, Manami Farzadfar, Farshad Don, Rokiah Lukito, Widjaja van Oosterhout, Coline Szabo, Maria Hung, Shu-Yi Masni Ibrahim, Hajah Biro, Lajos Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Wu, Suh Cowan, Melanie Nelis, Keiu Hjdaud, Zaiton Lee, Meei-Shyuan Yusof, Safiah Myhre, Jannicke Salanave, Benoit Yaakub, Roseyati Leclercq, Catherine Hadden, Wilbur Hotz, Christine Sioen, Isabelle Templeton, Robert Selamat, Rusidah Asciak, Renzo Jitnarin, Nattinee Pitsavos, Christos Becker, Wulf Reza Rahbar, Ali Zajkas, Gabor Cerdena, Corazon Ikeda, Nayu Al-Zenki, Sameer Rehm, Colin Cao, Xia Lai, Yuen https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/148571 2026-08-20T08:32:54Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Understanding sugar-sweetened beverage tax implementation globally : a 34-year, population-based observational study in 183 countries Authors: Loaeza, Lizbeth Moreno; Lara-Castor, Laura; Sharib, Julia R.; Cudhea, Frederick; Wang, Meng; Li, Peizhi; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Bas, Murat; Haidar Ali, Jemal; Abumweis, Suhad; Krishnan, Anand; Misra, Puneet; Hwalla, Nahla Chawkat; Janakiram, Chandrashekar; Indrawaty Liputo, Nur; Musaiger, Abdulrahman; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Alam, Iftikhar; DeRidder, Karin; Termote, Celine; Memon, Anjum; Turrini, Aida; Lupotto, Elisabetta; Piccinelli, Raffaela; Sette, Stefania; Anzid, Karim; Vossenaar, Marieke; Mazumdar, Paramita; Rached, Ingrid; Zapata, María Elisa; Rovirosa, Alicia; Asayehu, Tamene Taye; Aluso, Lilian; Oduor, Francis; Boedecker, Julia; Ortiz-Ulloa, Johana; Meenakshi, J.V.; Castro, Michelle; Grosso, Giuseppe; Waskiewicz, Anna; Thanopoulou, Anastasia; Malekzadeh, Reza; Calleja, Neville; Etemad, Zohreh; Ocke, Marga; Al Nsour, Mohannad; Waswa, Lydiah M.; Nurk, Eha; Lee, Hae-Jeung; Arsenault, Joanne; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio; Mehio Sibai, Abla; Damasceno, Albertino; Arambepola, Carukshi; Lunet, Nuno; Severo, Milton; Lopes, Carla; Torres, Duarte; Palacios, Cristina; Agdeppa, Imelda Angeles; Desnacido, Josie; Capanzana, Mario; Misra, Anoop; Ai Ng, Swee; Tan-Khouw, Ilse; Delgado, Edna Gamboa; Caballero, Mauricio; Otero, Johanna; Koksal, Eda; Guessous, Idris; Lachat, Carl; De Henauw, Stefaan; Sekiyama, Makiko; Chiplonkar, Shashi; Arici, Mustafa; Ngoan, Le Tran; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Ding, Eric; Li, Yanping; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Barengo, Noel; Ekbote, Veena; Khadilkar, Anuradha; Kovalskys, Irina; Meshram, Indrapal; Avula, Laxmaiah; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Rajkumar, Hemalatha; Rachakulla, Harikumar; Hemalatha, Rajkumar; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lacoviello, Licia; Costanzo, Simona; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Castetbon, Katia; Hsieh, Yao-Te; Olivares, Sonia; Hadziomeragic, Aida; de Moura Souza, Amanda; Pan, Wen-Harn; Huybrechts, Inge; de Brauw, Alan; Moursi, Mourad; Nawidimbasba Zeba, Augustin; Maghroun, Maryam; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Mwangi, Moses; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Goldsmith, Rebecca; Keinan-Boker, Lital; Shimony, Tal; Jordan, Irmgard; Bukania, Zipporah; Kombe, Yeri; Alissa, Eman; Sabico, Shaun; Al-Daghri, Nasser; Gulliford, Martin; Oh, Kyungwon; Kweon, Sanghui; Park, Sihyun; Kim, Cho-il; Cho, Yoonsu; Al-Hooti, Suad; Douangvichit, Daovieng; Siengsounthone, Latsamy; Luangphaxay, Chanthaly; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Rybak, Constance; Luke, Amy; Piaseu, Noppawan; Sundram, Kalyana; Baykova, Donka; Abedi, Parvin; Fadzil, Fariza; Bukhary, Noriklil Bukhary Ismail; Chen, Yu; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Sawada, Norie; Rangelova, Lalka; Duleva, Vesselka; Petrova, Stefka; Bergman, Per; Lindroos, Anna Karin; Moraeus, Lotta; Sipinen, Jessica Petrelius; Siamusantu, Ward; Szponar, Lucjan; Chang, Hsing-Yi; Tapanainen, Heli; Lindstrom, Jaana; Virtanen, Suvi; Polasa, Kalpagam; Nagalla, Balakrishna; Boindala, Sesikeran; El Ati, Jalila; Barquera, Simon; Rodriguez Ramirez, Sonia; Ramirez Silva, Ivonne; Sanchez-Romero, Luz Maria; Illescas-Zarate, Daniel; Rivera Dommarco, Juan; Zaghloul, Sahar; Abdollahi, Morteza; Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, Fatemeh; Houshiar-rad, Anahita; Mahdy, Zaleha Abdullah; Karupaiah, Tilakavati; Eldridge, Alison; Kruger, Herculina; Henjum, Sigrun; Fernandez, Anne; Al-Hamad, Nawal; Janská, Veronika; Tayyem, Reema; Mirmiran, Parvin; Kelishadi, Roya; Warensjo Lemming, Eva; Wieler, Lothar; Richter, Almut; Mensink, Gert; Hoffman, Daniel; Kuriyan-Raj, Rebecca; Swaminathan, Sumathi; Garriguet, Didier; Dastgiri, Saeed; Vaask, Sirje; Zohoori, Fatemeh Vida; Esteghamati, Alireza; Noshad, Sina; Hashemian, Maryam; Mwaniki, Elizabeth; Yakes-Jimenez, Elizabeth; Lennert Veerman, J.; Forsyth, Simon; Mwanza, Sydney; Chileshe, Justin; Lera Marques, Lydia; Preston, Alan Martin; Duran Aguero, Samuel; Oleas, Mariana; Posada, Luz; Ochoa, Angelica; Shamsuddin, Khadijah; Shariff, Zalilah Mohd; Manan, Wan; Bin Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan; Bovet, Pascal; Nicolau, Anca; Tudorie, Cornelia; Abbott, Pamela; Pakseresht, Mohammadreza; Sharma, Sangita; Strand, Tor; Nöthlings, Ute; Alexy, Ute; Brown, Ken; Carmikle, Jan; Koster, Jeremy; Jayawardena, Ranil; Waidyatilaka, Indu; Lanerolle, Pulani; Khan, Umber S.; Mastiholi, Shivanand C.; Hambidge, K. Michael; Tejeda, Gabriela; Long, Julie; Diba, Tshilenge S.; Haque, Aminul; Suarez-Ortegon, Milton Fabian; Keding, Gudrun B.; Roos, Eva; Freese, Riitta; Korkalo, Liisa; Erkkola, Maijaliisa; Eleraky, Laila; Stuetz, Wolfgang; Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjorg; Thorsdottir, Inga; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Moy, Foong Ming; Anderson, Simon; Jeewon, Rajesh; Zugravu, Corina Aurelia; Ng, Shu Wen; Adair, Linda; Skeaff, Sheila; Fisberg, Regina; Marchioni, Dirce; Ersino, Getahun; Zello, Gordon; Henry, Carol; Elmadfa, Ibrahim; Meyer, Alexa; Mitchell, Claudette; Balfour, David; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Manary, Mark; El-kour, Tatyana; Nikiema, Laetitia; Mirzaei, Masoud; Hakeem, Rubina; Kally, Ola; Bradshaw, Debbie; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Enghardt Barbieri, Helene; Sygnowska, Elzbieta; Vartiainen, Erkki; Fen Chan, Mei; Swan, Gillian; Haerpfer, Christian; Pekcan, Gulden; Gauci, Dorothy; Tedla, Bemnet; Kandiah, Mirnalini; Odenkirk, Jillian; Beer-Borst, Sigrid; Mathee, Angie; Ginnela, Brahmam; Steingrimsdottir, Laufey; Sinkko, Harri; Johansson, Lars; Ma, Guansheng; Riley, Leanne; Hopping, Beth; Ling, Annie; Yap, Mabel; Duante, Charmaine; Naska, Androniki; Bundhamcharoen, Kanitta; Ovaskainen, Marja-Leena; Fernando, Dulitha; Chuah, Khun-Aik; Palmer, Pam; Tedstone, Alison; Jonsdottir, Olof; Ma, Yi; Orfanos, Philippos; Vollenweider, Peter; Zarina, Khairul; Inoue, Manami; Farzadfar, Farshad; Don, Rokiah; Lukito, Widjaja; van Oosterhout, Coline; Szabo, Maria; Hung, Shu-Yi; Masni Ibrahim, Hajah; Biro, Lajos; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Wu, Suh; Cowan, Melanie; Nelis, Keiu; Hjdaud, Zaiton; Lee, Meei-Shyuan; Yusof, Safiah; Myhre, Jannicke; Salanave, Benoit; Yaakub, Roseyati; Leclercq, Catherine; Hadden, Wilbur; Hotz, Christine; Sioen, Isabelle; Templeton, Robert; Selamat, Rusidah; Asciak, Renzo; Jitnarin, Nattinee; Pitsavos, Christos; Becker, Wulf; Reza Rahbar, Ali; Zajkas, Gabor; Cerdena, Corazon; Ikeda, Nayu; Al-Zenki, Sameer; Rehm, Colin; Cao, Xia; Lai, Yuen Abstract: Background: Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages can improve public health. We aimed to characterise the extent and types of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes implemented worldwide and the national characteristics predicting implementation, such as sugar-sweetened beverage intake amounts, disease rates, or economic development.; Methods: This longitudinal analysis aggregated serial global datasets (including the Global Dietary Database, Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factor Collaboration, Global Burden of Disease study, and World Bank data) from 1990 to 2024 in 183 countries to assess sugar-sweetened beverage tax characteristics and national predictors of policy adoption. Sugar-sweetened beverage taxes for public health purposes were identified and characterised, including amounts, fiscal instruments, structures, and covered beverages. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, obesity and diabetes prevalence, gross domestic product (GDP), and sociodemographic index (SDI) were assessed as predictors of tax implementation using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates.; Findings: From 1990 to 2024, 64 countries implemented sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, accelerating over time and covering 3·5 billion people globally. South Asia led in adoption (50% of countries; median tax rate 7·5%), followed by southeast and east Asia (47·8%; 5·0%), the Middle East and North Africa (30·0%; 17·0%), and Latin America and the Caribbean (31·3%; 7·0%). Taxes were ad valorem (ie, based on price; 45%), volume-based (44%), sugar-content-based (5%), or mixed (6%), and 13% of countries earmarked revenue for public health. Multivariable-adjusted predictors of tax implementation included diabetes prevalence (hazard ratio [HR]=1·22 [95% CI 1·05–1·43]), obesity prevalence (1·14 [1·00–1·29]), GDP per capita (HR per $10 000: 1·19 [1·06–1·34]), and SDI (0·70 [0·57–0·86]), but not sugar-sweetened beverage intake (0·77 [0·42–1·39]).; Interpretation: Global adoption of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes has rapidly accelerated since 1990; however, there is important heterogeneity by region and tax structure, and the taxes are shaped by a country's economic capacity, social development, and health conditions.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Calleja, Neville Gatta, Gemma https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/146571 2026-05-19T13:06:18Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Epidemiology, databases, and cancer registries Authors: Calleja, Neville; Gatta, Gemma Abstract: Rare diseases are defined by their low prevalence. In Europe, a disease is considered rare if it affects fewer than 1 in 2000 people. A more specific definition exists for rare tumours, which are classified as malignancies with an incidence of fewer than 6 per 100,000 per year. This classification, established through EU-funded projects and the Joint Action on Rare Cancers (JARC). Population- based cancer registries provide essential epidemiological indicators—incidence, prevalence, survival, and mortality—allowing continuous assessment of the cancer burden in defined populations. Projects such as RARECARE, RARECAREnet and EUROCARE have contributed to understand ing rare cancer epidemiology across Europe. Rare gynaecological cancers, including non-epithelial ovarian tumours, epithelial tumours of the fallopian tube, and placental choriocarcinoma, exhibit varying incidence and survival figures, with older women often more affected and five-year survival generally lower than common gynaecologic cancers.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Allemani, Claudia Di Carlo, Veronica Ssenyonga, Naomi Khan Baloch, Fatima Kuehni, Claudia Girardi, Fabio Goić, Carolina Sophiea, Marisa K. Šekerija, Mario Espinoza-Vallejos, Carla Dadouli, Katerina Sugiyama, Hiromi Galceran, Jaume Cañete-Nieto, Adela Ragusa, Rosalia Moreno, Florencia Stiller, Charles Coleman, Michel P. Bouzbid, Sabiha Amarouche, Soumaya Boussouf, Nadir Hamdi-Chérif, Mokhtar Lamia, Kara Ladipo, Akinade Ogunbiyi, Olufemi J. Alcaraz, Claude Chirpaz, Emmanuel Somdyala, Nontuthuzelo I.M. Chaplin, María Agustina Moreno, Florencia Rocke, Kern Sobers, Natasha P. Alexandre-Moreira, Magna S. Barros, Herbert C.S. da Silva, Brenda E.B. Lima, Carlos A. Ferreira Ramos Neto, Walmiro Lima Vazquez, Fabiana Pena, Gil P.M. Nativio, Juliana De Souza, Paulo César F. Chaves, Juliana Laporte, Cyntia A. Daniel, Cristiane B. de Sousa Reis, Márcia Cristina do Valle, Karine Meireles Oliveira, Jose Carlos Veneziano, Claudia L.A. Veneziano, Donaldo B. de Almeida Gil, Roberto Rebelo, Marise S. Azevedo e Silva, Gulnar Armstrong, Heather M. Quesnel-Crooks, Sarah Cossani, Gianfranco Montiel, Alvaro L. Paz Sandoval, María Núñez, Kelly G. Espinoza-Vallejos, Carla Rosas, Karen Herrmann, Denise A. Vargas, Solange M. Goić, Carolina Garcia, Christian R. Cerda, Patricia A. Hormiga Sánchez, Claudia M. Uribe, Claudia J. Cortés Buelvas, Armando D. Grillo Ardila, Elvia Karina Arias-Ortiz, Nelson E. Giraldo-Osorio, Alexandra Bravo Goyes, Luisa M. Casas Cruz, Harold M. Delgado, Sandra Torres, Adriana Fernández Garrote, Leticia M. Galán Alvarez, Yaima H. Campoverde Arevalo, Nicolas Luciano Orbe Muñoz, Maria Jose Jaramillo Feijoo, Leyda Elizabeth Real Cotto, Jhony Joe Castillo, Jhoanna M. Gomez, Anny González, Juan Tarupi, Wilmer Carranza Mena, Monica L. Fuentes-Alabi, Soad Drak Alsibai, Kinan Nacher, Mathieu Bhakkan, Bernard Deloumeaux, Jacqueline Balcarcel, Tatiana Garrido, Claudia P. Joachim, Clarisse Macni, Jonathan Rivera Gomez, Rebeca Medina Fernández, Luis E. Rodriguez Zea, Berenice Perez, Patricia Poquioma, Ebert Ortiz-Ortiz, Karen J. Torres-Cintrón, Carlos R. Felix, Nkese S. Prince-Joseph, Emily Alonso, Rafael Musetti, Carina Eckstrand, Angela Shack, Lorraine Simkin, Jonathan Woods, Ryan R. Fukumura, Sheila Turner, Donna Kumar, Eshwar Zhang, Bin Dowden, Jeff J. Doyle, Gregory P. Jeffrey, Sarah Workman, Peter Saint-Jacques, Nathalie Walsh, Gordon De, Prithwish Norwood, Todd A. McClure, Carol A. Phillips, Karen A.M. Davis, Laci Kozie, Serena Freeman, Tara George, Justin T. Avila, Rosa M. Cleaton, Julie Doyle, Dana Yee, Georgia Collins, Lindsay M. Ramirez Aguilar, Daniela Almon, Lyn Kwong, Sandy Morris, Cyllene Arend, John Somma, Valerie Gonsalves, Lou Nagarajan, Sumitha Ross, Wilhelmina Ruterbusch, Julie Schwartz, Ann G. Woods, Alfreda Lee, David J. Levin, Gary M. Bayakly, Rana Ward, Kevin C. Lichtensztajn, Daphne McKinley, Meg Rees, Judy R. Shrestha, Anshu Hernandez, Brenda Y. Yamamoto, Amy M.M. Johnson, Christopher J. Morawski, Bozena M. Koch, Lori Aiypkhanova, Ainur Eisele, Taylor Bentler, Suzanne Charlton, Mary E. Garimella, Sarma Lai, Sue-Min Durbin, Eric B. Huang, Bin Tucker, Thomas C. Liu, Lihua Hsieh, Mei-Chin Wu, Xiao-Cheng Bancroft, Carolyn Hayes, Jennifer H. Leo, Benjamin R. Knowlton, Richard C. Alverson, Georgetta Weaver, Tamara Desai, Jay Highsmith, Mona Rogers, Deirdre B. Zachary, Iris Lemons, Debbi Zimmerman, Heather J. Ross, Wilhelmina Watson, Mark Ogushi, Aundrea Reed, Rani Hammond, Whitney Rees, Judith R. Paddock, Lisa E. Stroup, Antoinette M. Meisner, Angela W. Wiggins, Charles Insaf, Tabassum Z. Qiao, Baozhen Rao, Chandrika Simsek, Fatma Christina Oancea, S. Zheng, Yun Bunt, Emily Slocumb, Roberta M. Carter, Meagan Beran, Todd Aldinger, Wendy Oh, Junhie Janes, Tiffany A. Schwartz, Stephen M. Chiodini, Stephanie C. Kase, Bezawit Whiteside, Martin A. Musonda, Keisha L. Pruitt, Sandi L. Herget, Kimberly A. Millar, Morgan M. Flaherty, Michael Kachajian, Jennifer Keitheri Cheteri, Mahesh B. Migliore Santiago, Patti Blankenship, Steven E. Conaway, Jaunita L. Link Reeve, Jessica Swander, Lena C. Espinoza, Julia Grandpre, Joseph O’Neil, Mary Elizabeth Weir, Hannah K. Wilson, Reda Mariotto, Angela Bhakta, Nickhill H. Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos Ong, Sokking Leong, Elvynna Chen, Wan-Qing Wei, Wenqiang Demetriou, Anna V. Kazanjan, Konstantine Mathur, Prashant Agustina, Julyanti Khairina, Desy Keinan-Boker, Lital Silverman, Barbara G. 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Cai, Mingshi Li Foo, Ling Jung, Kyu-Won Park, Eun-Hye Chiang, Chun-Ju Lee, Wen-Chung Harnprakopsuk, Chirapong Maneesai, Puttachart Santong, Chalongpon Daoprasert, Karnchana Pongnikorn, Donsuk Leklob, Atit Sangkitipaiboon, Somphob Geater, Sarayut L. Toh, Chanavee Boztaş, Güledal Ceylan, Okan Aksoy, Gülşen Karakilinç, Hülya Çidan, Rabia Kahraman, Ayşe Gurbuz, Tulın Emine Karaşahin, Füsun Turhan, Duygu Karagöz, Nilüfer Kurnali, Belgin Bağcı, Derya Nilgün Keloğlu, Saime Eser, Sultan Yakut, Cankut I. Altinisik, Merve Cavusoglu, Yasar Türkköylü, Ayşe Üçüncü, Nurşen Hackl, Monika Ihle, Petra Borisevich, Marina Savich, Tatyana Henau, Kris Van Eycken, Liesbet Atanasov, Trayan Y. Valerianova, Zdravka Ivanko, Pero Šekerija, Mario Mužík, Jan Zvolský, Miroslav Friis, Søren Kønig, Simon M. Storm, Hans Kristensen, Sheila Innos, Kaire Mägi, Margit Lacour, Brigitte Poulalhon, Claire Arndt, Volker Hermann, Silke E. Peters, Frederik Schultz, Annemarie Kajueter, Hiltraud Stang, Andreas Holleczek, Bernd Rath, Natalie B. Garami, Miklos Jakab, Zsuzsanna Murray, Deirdre E. Redaniel, Maria Theresa Sundseth, Hildrun Harney, Mary Galasso, Rocco Sampietro, Giuseppe Melis, Massimo Calì, Camilla Savoia, Fabio Ragusa, Rosalia M. Torrisi, Antonina Falcini, Fabio Ravaioli, Alessandra Taborelli, Martina Dal Maso, Luigino Casella, Claudia Puppo, Antonella Cozzi, Ilaria Santelli, Enrica Ballotari, Paola Giacomazzi, Erica Manasse, Sonia Pompili, Marco Gervasi, Federico Russo, Antonio G. Cavalieri d’Oro, Luca Rognoni, Magda Abbate, Rossella Vitale, Maria Francesca Pinna, Pasquala Usala, Mario Mazzucco, Walter Vitale, Francesco Manzoni, Federica Maule, Milena M. Migliore, Enrica Bisceglia, Lucia Cuccaro, Francesco Cascone, Giuseppe Spata, Eugenia Rashid, Ivan Valenti Clemente, Santa Piras, Daniela Bella, Francesca Tumino, Rosario Mian, Michael Vittadello, Fabio Candela, Giuseppa Scuderi, Tiziana Adalgisa Gentilini, Maria Mantovani, William Caldarella, Adele Manneschi, Gianfranco Bianconi, Fortunato Stracci, Fabrizio Sbaraglia, Marta Zorzi, Manuel Vicentini, Massimo Baltane, Zane Maurina, Anita Smailyte, Giedre Steponaviciene, Laura Azzopardi, Miriam J. Calleja, Neville Geleijnse, Gijs Siesling, Sabine Johannesen, Tom B. Larønningen, Siri Trojanowski, Maciej Macek, Paweł Mierzwa, Tomasz Rosińska, Agnieszka Kępska, Kamila Niewęgłowska, Justyna Barna, Katarzyna Kołodziejczyk, Zofia Sulkowska, Urszula Owsiak, Danuta Garbowska, Edyta Meina, Małgorzata Motnyk, Marcin Patro, Anna Gos, Anna Sikorska, Karolina Didkowska, Joanna A. Wojciechowska, Urszula Forjaz de Lacerda, Gonçalo Macedo, João Berenguer, Pedro Camacho, Carolina Oliveira, Joana Pais, Ana Bento, Maria José Rodrigues, Ana Catarina Lourenço, Antonio Mayer-da-Silva, Alexandra Bucurenci, Mihaela S. Neaga, Alexandra Bogdanov, Dmitry V. Valkov, Mikhail Y. Egorova, Alla Orlov, Andrey Pikalova, Lidiya V. Zhuikova, Lilia D. Nazarova, Ekaterina Zadnik, Vesna Žagar, Tina Peterle, Alojz De-La-Cruz, Marta Lopez-de-Munain, Arantza Garrido, Montserrat Vizcaíno, Ana Sabater, Consol Alamo Sanz, Rufino Gutiérrez Meléndez, Pilar Jiménez Chillarón, Rosario Navarro, Ana Isabel Marcos M. Marcos-Gragera, Rafael Trallero, Jan Redondo-Sanchez, Daniel Sánchez Perez, María-José Palacios-Castaño, María-Isabel Ramalle-Gómara, Enrique Aragonés, Nuria Parra, David Chirlaque López, Maria Dolores Sánchez Gil, Antonia Ardanaz, Eva Guevara, Marcela Alfonso-Camos, Pau Cañete-Nieto, Adela Carulla, Marià Galceran, Jaume Almela, Fernando Dickman, Paul Kuehni, Claudia E. Sommer, Grit Cavalli, Franco Lorez, Matthias Stähelin, Katharina Broggio, John Stevens, Sarah Stiller, Charles Bennett, Damien Fitzpatrick, Deirdre Morrison, David S. Stanner, Greig Huws, Dyfed W. Smits, Stephanie Grayson, Margaret Allemani, Claudia Coleman, Michel P. Dadouli, Katerina Di Carlo, Veronica Espinoza-Vallejos, Carla Khan Baloch, Fatima Matz, Melissa Minicozzi, Pamela Sanz, Natalia Sophiea, Marisa K. Ssenyonga, Naomi Stephens, Richard Chalker, Elizabeth Smith, Mirka Johnston, Amy O’Brien, Tracey You, Hui Boyd, Rowena Dugdale, Sarah Moore, Julie Philpot, Shoni Flak, Stephanie Mead, Karen Roydhouse, Jessica Ragaini, Bruna Silva Evans, Sue M. Te Marvelde, Luc Çakan, Hamza Handley, Karen Aitken, Joanne Fowler, Christine Lewis, Chris Estève, Jacques de Oliveira Santos, Marceli https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145718 2026-04-17T08:07:05Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Progress towards the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer target of 60% 5-year survival for all childhood cancers combined, 1990–2019 (CONCORD-4) : a Cancer Survival Index derived for 68 countries by analysis of individual records for 613 021 children from 307 population-based cancer registries Authors: Allemani, Claudia; Di Carlo, Veronica; Ssenyonga, Naomi; Khan Baloch, Fatima; Kuehni, Claudia; Girardi, Fabio; Goić, Carolina; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Šekerija, Mario; Espinoza-Vallejos, Carla; Dadouli, Katerina; Sugiyama, Hiromi; Galceran, Jaume; Cañete-Nieto, Adela; Ragusa, Rosalia; Moreno, Florencia; Stiller, Charles; Coleman, Michel P.; Bouzbid, Sabiha; Amarouche, Soumaya; Boussouf, Nadir; Hamdi-Chérif, Mokhtar; Lamia, Kara; Ladipo, Akinade; Ogunbiyi, Olufemi J.; Alcaraz, Claude; Chirpaz, Emmanuel; Somdyala, Nontuthuzelo I.M.; Chaplin, María Agustina; Moreno, Florencia; Rocke, Kern; Sobers, Natasha P.; Alexandre-Moreira, Magna S.; Barros, Herbert C.S.; da Silva, Brenda E.B.; Lima, Carlos A.; Ferreira Ramos Neto, Walmiro; Lima Vazquez, Fabiana; Pena, Gil P.M.; Nativio, Juliana; De Souza, Paulo César F.; Chaves, Juliana; Laporte, Cyntia A.; Daniel, Cristiane B.; de Sousa Reis, Márcia Cristina; do Valle, Karine Meireles; Oliveira, Jose Carlos; Veneziano, Claudia L.A.; Veneziano, Donaldo B.; de Almeida Gil, Roberto; Rebelo, Marise S.; Azevedo e Silva, Gulnar; Armstrong, Heather M.; Quesnel-Crooks, Sarah; Cossani, Gianfranco; Montiel, Alvaro L.; Paz Sandoval, María; Núñez, Kelly G.; Espinoza-Vallejos, Carla; Rosas, Karen; Herrmann, Denise A.; Vargas, Solange M.; Goić, Carolina; Garcia, Christian R.; Cerda, Patricia A.; Hormiga Sánchez, Claudia M.; Uribe, Claudia J.; Cortés Buelvas, Armando D.; Grillo Ardila, Elvia Karina; Arias-Ortiz, Nelson E.; Giraldo-Osorio, Alexandra; Bravo Goyes, Luisa M.; Casas Cruz, Harold M.; Delgado, Sandra; Torres, Adriana; Fernández Garrote, Leticia M.; Galán Alvarez, Yaima H.; Campoverde Arevalo, Nicolas Luciano; Orbe Muñoz, Maria Jose; Jaramillo Feijoo, Leyda Elizabeth; Real Cotto, Jhony Joe; Castillo, Jhoanna M.; Gomez, Anny; González, Juan; Tarupi, Wilmer; Carranza Mena, Monica L.; Fuentes-Alabi, Soad; Drak Alsibai, Kinan; Nacher, Mathieu; Bhakkan, Bernard; Deloumeaux, Jacqueline; Balcarcel, Tatiana; Garrido, Claudia P.; Joachim, Clarisse; Macni, Jonathan; Rivera Gomez, Rebeca; Medina Fernández, Luis E.; Rodriguez Zea, Berenice; Perez, Patricia; Poquioma, Ebert; Ortiz-Ortiz, Karen J.; Torres-Cintrón, Carlos R.; Felix, Nkese S.; Prince-Joseph, Emily; Alonso, Rafael; Musetti, Carina; Eckstrand, Angela; Shack, Lorraine; Simkin, Jonathan; Woods, Ryan R.; Fukumura, Sheila; Turner, Donna; Kumar, Eshwar; Zhang, Bin; Dowden, Jeff J.; Doyle, Gregory P.; Jeffrey, Sarah; Workman, Peter; Saint-Jacques, Nathalie; Walsh, Gordon; De, Prithwish; Norwood, Todd A.; McClure, Carol A.; Phillips, Karen A.M.; Davis, Laci; Kozie, Serena; Freeman, Tara; George, Justin T.; Avila, Rosa M.; Cleaton, Julie; Doyle, Dana; Yee, Georgia; Collins, Lindsay M.; Ramirez Aguilar, Daniela; Almon, Lyn; Kwong, Sandy; Morris, Cyllene; Arend, John; Somma, Valerie; Gonsalves, Lou; Nagarajan, Sumitha; Ross, Wilhelmina; Ruterbusch, Julie; Schwartz, Ann G.; Woods, Alfreda; Lee, David J.; Levin, Gary M.; Bayakly, Rana; Ward, Kevin C.; Lichtensztajn, Daphne; McKinley, Meg; Rees, Judy R.; Shrestha, Anshu; Hernandez, Brenda Y.; Yamamoto, Amy M.M.; Johnson, Christopher J.; Morawski, Bozena M.; Koch, Lori; Aiypkhanova, Ainur; Eisele, Taylor; Bentler, Suzanne; Charlton, Mary E.; Garimella, Sarma; Lai, Sue-Min; Durbin, Eric B.; Huang, Bin; Tucker, Thomas C.; Liu, Lihua; Hsieh, Mei-Chin; Wu, Xiao-Cheng; Bancroft, Carolyn; Hayes, Jennifer H.; Leo, Benjamin R.; Knowlton, Richard C.; Alverson, Georgetta; Weaver, Tamara; Desai, Jay; Highsmith, Mona; Rogers, Deirdre B.; Zachary, Iris; Lemons, Debbi; Zimmerman, Heather J.; Ross, Wilhelmina; Watson, Mark; Ogushi, Aundrea; Reed, Rani; Hammond, Whitney; Rees, Judith R.; Paddock, Lisa E.; Stroup, Antoinette M.; Meisner, Angela W.; Wiggins, Charles; Insaf, Tabassum Z.; Qiao, Baozhen; Rao, Chandrika; Simsek, Fatma; Christina Oancea, S.; Zheng, Yun; Bunt, Emily; Slocumb, Roberta M.; Carter, Meagan; Beran, Todd; Aldinger, Wendy; Oh, Junhie; Janes, Tiffany A.; Schwartz, Stephen M.; Chiodini, Stephanie C.; Kase, Bezawit; Whiteside, Martin A.; Musonda, Keisha L.; Pruitt, Sandi L.; Herget, Kimberly A.; Millar, Morgan M.; Flaherty, Michael; Kachajian, Jennifer; Keitheri Cheteri, Mahesh B.; Migliore Santiago, Patti; Blankenship, Steven E.; Conaway, Jaunita L.; Link Reeve, Jessica; Swander, Lena C.; Espinoza, Julia; Grandpre, Joseph; O’Neil, Mary Elizabeth; Weir, Hannah K.; Wilson, Reda; Mariotto, Angela; Bhakta, Nickhill H.; Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos; Ong, Sokking; Leong, Elvynna; Chen, Wan-Qing; Wei, Wenqiang; Demetriou, Anna V.; Kazanjan, Konstantine; Mathur, Prashant; Agustina, Julyanti; Khairina, Desy; Keinan-Boker, Lital; Silverman, Barbara G.; Ito, Hidemi; Koyanagi, Yuriko; Sato, Masako; Tobori, Fumio; Matsuzaka, Masashi; Tanaka, Rina; Hippo, Yoshitaka; Michihata, Nobuaki; Teramoto, Norihiro; Yamashita, Natsumi; Hattori, Masakazu; Kaizaki, Yasuharu; Kumagai, Hiroshi; Nakashima, Junichi; Moki, Fumitaka; Oda, Takashi; Sugiyama, Hiromi; Maruyama, Satoru; Todo, Nobuki; Nishimura, Makiko; Yoshida, Keiichi; Kurosawa, Katsuki; Nemoto, Yuji; Narimatsu, Hiroto; Watanabe, Kaname; Kawamura, Chieko; Koduka, Yuji; Kanemura, Seiki; Yoshida, Masayoshi; Kobayashi, Masaaki; Naito, Michiko; Miyashiro, Isao; Nakata, Kayo; Mori, Daisuke; Yoshitake, Mayuko; Nakabayashi, Narue; Tamura, Kenji; Fujita, Shin; Oki, Izumi; Kinjo, Aya; Osaki, Yoneatsu; Fukushima, Norimasa; Shibata, Akiko; Iwasa, Keiichiro; Ono, Chie; Matsuda, Tomohiro; Alawadhi, Eiman; Elbasmi, Amani; Nansalmaa, Erdenekhuu; Tudev, Undarmaa; Ochir, Chimedsuren; Al Khater, Al Hareth M.; El Mistiri, Mufid M.; Alkhalawi, Eman; Al Asiri, Mushabbab A.; Cai, Mingshi; Li Foo, Ling; Jung, Kyu-Won; Park, Eun-Hye; Chiang, Chun-Ju; Lee, Wen-Chung; Harnprakopsuk, Chirapong; Maneesai, Puttachart; Santong, Chalongpon; Daoprasert, Karnchana; Pongnikorn, Donsuk; Leklob, Atit; Sangkitipaiboon, Somphob; Geater, Sarayut L.; Toh, Chanavee; Boztaş, Güledal; Ceylan, Okan; Aksoy, Gülşen; Karakilinç, Hülya; Çidan, Rabia; Kahraman, Ayşe; Gurbuz, Tulın; Emine Karaşahin, Füsun; Turhan, Duygu; Karagöz, Nilüfer; Kurnali, Belgin; Bağcı, Derya; Nilgün Keloğlu, Saime; Eser, Sultan; Yakut, Cankut I.; Altinisik, Merve; Cavusoglu, Yasar; Türkköylü, Ayşe; Üçüncü, Nurşen; Hackl, Monika; Ihle, Petra; Borisevich, Marina; Savich, Tatyana; Henau, Kris; Van Eycken, Liesbet; Atanasov, Trayan Y.; Valerianova, Zdravka; Ivanko, Pero; Šekerija, Mario; Mužík, Jan; Zvolský, Miroslav; Friis, Søren; Kønig, Simon M.; Storm, Hans; Kristensen, Sheila; Innos, Kaire; Mägi, Margit; Lacour, Brigitte; Poulalhon, Claire; Arndt, Volker; Hermann, Silke E.; Peters, Frederik; Schultz, Annemarie; Kajueter, Hiltraud; Stang, Andreas; Holleczek, Bernd; Rath, Natalie B.; Garami, Miklos; Jakab, Zsuzsanna; Murray, Deirdre E.; Redaniel, Maria Theresa; Sundseth, Hildrun; Harney, Mary; Galasso, Rocco; Sampietro, Giuseppe; Melis, Massimo; Calì, Camilla; Savoia, Fabio; Ragusa, Rosalia M.; Torrisi, Antonina; Falcini, Fabio; Ravaioli, Alessandra; Taborelli, Martina; Dal Maso, Luigino; Casella, Claudia; Puppo, Antonella; Cozzi, Ilaria; Santelli, Enrica; Ballotari, Paola; Giacomazzi, Erica; Manasse, Sonia; Pompili, Marco; Gervasi, Federico; Russo, Antonio G.; Cavalieri d’Oro, Luca; Rognoni, Magda; Abbate, Rossella; Vitale, Maria Francesca; Pinna, Pasquala; Usala, Mario; Mazzucco, Walter; Vitale, Francesco; Manzoni, Federica; Maule, Milena M.; Migliore, Enrica; Bisceglia, Lucia; Cuccaro, Francesco; Cascone, Giuseppe; Spata, Eugenia; Rashid, Ivan; Valenti Clemente, Santa; Piras, Daniela; Bella, Francesca; Tumino, Rosario; Mian, Michael; Vittadello, Fabio; Candela, Giuseppa; Scuderi, Tiziana; Adalgisa Gentilini, Maria; Mantovani, William; Caldarella, Adele; Manneschi, Gianfranco; Bianconi, Fortunato; Stracci, Fabrizio; Sbaraglia, Marta; Zorzi, Manuel; Vicentini, Massimo; Baltane, Zane; Maurina, Anita; Smailyte, Giedre; Steponaviciene, Laura; Azzopardi, Miriam J.; Calleja, Neville; Geleijnse, Gijs; Siesling, Sabine; Johannesen, Tom B.; Larønningen, Siri; Trojanowski, Maciej; Macek, Paweł; Mierzwa, Tomasz; Rosińska, Agnieszka; Kępska, Kamila; Niewęgłowska, Justyna; Barna, Katarzyna; Kołodziejczyk, Zofia; Sulkowska, Urszula; Owsiak, Danuta; Garbowska, Edyta; Meina, Małgorzata; Motnyk, Marcin; Patro, Anna; Gos, Anna; Sikorska, Karolina; Didkowska, Joanna A.; Wojciechowska, Urszula; Forjaz de Lacerda, Gonçalo; Macedo, João; Berenguer, Pedro; Camacho, Carolina; Oliveira, Joana; Pais, Ana; Bento, Maria José; Rodrigues, Ana Catarina; Lourenço, Antonio; Mayer-da-Silva, Alexandra; Bucurenci, Mihaela S.; Neaga, Alexandra; Bogdanov, Dmitry V.; Valkov, Mikhail Y.; Egorova, Alla; Orlov, Andrey; Pikalova, Lidiya V.; Zhuikova, Lilia D.; Nazarova, Ekaterina; Zadnik, Vesna; Žagar, Tina; Peterle, Alojz; De-La-Cruz, Marta; Lopez-de-Munain, Arantza; Garrido, Montserrat; Vizcaíno, Ana; Sabater, Consol; Alamo Sanz, Rufino; Gutiérrez Meléndez, Pilar; Jiménez Chillarón, Rosario; Navarro, Ana Isabel Marcos M.; Marcos-Gragera, Rafael; Trallero, Jan; Redondo-Sanchez, Daniel; Sánchez Perez, María-José; Palacios-Castaño, María-Isabel; Ramalle-Gómara, Enrique; Aragonés, Nuria; Parra, David; Chirlaque López, Maria Dolores; Sánchez Gil, Antonia; Ardanaz, Eva; Guevara, Marcela; Alfonso-Camos, Pau; Cañete-Nieto, Adela; Carulla, Marià; Galceran, Jaume; Almela, Fernando; Dickman, Paul; Kuehni, Claudia E.; Sommer, Grit; Cavalli, Franco; Lorez, Matthias; Stähelin, Katharina; Broggio, John; Stevens, Sarah; Stiller, Charles; Bennett, Damien; Fitzpatrick, Deirdre; Morrison, David S.; Stanner, Greig; Huws, Dyfed W.; Smits, Stephanie; Grayson, Margaret; Allemani, Claudia; Coleman, Michel P.; Dadouli, Katerina; Di Carlo, Veronica; Espinoza-Vallejos, Carla; Khan Baloch, Fatima; Matz, Melissa; Minicozzi, Pamela; Sanz, Natalia; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Ssenyonga, Naomi; Stephens, Richard; Chalker, Elizabeth; Smith, Mirka; Johnston, Amy; O’Brien, Tracey; You, Hui; Boyd, Rowena; Dugdale, Sarah; Moore, Julie; Philpot, Shoni; Flak, Stephanie; Mead, Karen; Roydhouse, Jessica; Ragaini, Bruna Silva; Evans, Sue M.; Te Marvelde, Luc; Çakan, Hamza; Handley, Karen; Aitken, Joanne; Fowler, Christine; Lewis, Chris; Estève, Jacques; de Oliveira Santos, Marceli Abstract: Background: CONCORD is a global public health programme for long-term surveillance of population-based cancer survival. The first three cycles of this programme focused primarily on adults. In CONCORD-4, for the first time, we also included all cancers in children. The WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC), published in 2018, set a target for 5-year survival for all childhood cancers combined, worldwide, to reach 60% by 2030. We designed the protocol for CONCORD-4 to assess progress towards this target in as many countries as possible. Methods: We identified population-based cancer registries from the members of the International Association of Cancer Registries and other sources. We invited 513 registries in 101 countries to submit anonymised individual records for all children (aged 0–14 years) living in their territory who were diagnosed with any form of cancer during the 30-year period 1990–2019, or later years. The data included demographic variables, the morphological type and anatomical location of the tumour, and the follow-up for the vital status of each child. We used the data for 2010–19 to construct a set of weights that reflect the global frequency distribution of childhood cancers, by age, sex, and subtype, both for the 12 major groups in the third edition of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3) and for the six WHO tracer cancers prioritised in the GICC. We estimated 5-year net survival for children diagnosed during 1990–2019 by age, sex, and type of cancer, using the Pohar Perme estimator. We then used the weights to construct a Cancer Survival Index (CSI) as a weighted average of these survival estimates, for each country and each 5-year period during 1990–2019 for the 12 ICCC-3 groups and separately for the six WHO tracer cancers. Findings: We received 679 776 individual records for children diagnosed with cancer during 1990–2022 from 307 population-based cancer registries in 68 countries and territories, 52 with 100% national coverage. We produced two sets of weights, by age, sex, and type of cancer, reflecting the global distribution of cancer in children, both for all childhood cancers and for the six WHO tracer cancers. We restricted survival analyses to 613 021 children diagnosed during 1990–2019. The 5-year CSI for all childhood cancers combined increased in most countries between 1990 and 2019. For children diagnosed during 2015–19, the CSI was more than 80% in most high-income countries, in the range 60–80% in most upper-middle-income countries, and in the range 50–60% in the five participating lower middle-income countries. Interpretation: The new CSI enables quantitative international comparison of trends in survival for all childhood cancers combined and for the six WHO tracer cancers, through a simple three-way standardisation by age, sex and subtype. The CSI should be a useful tool to monitor future trends. In most high-income, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income countries participating in CONCORD-4, the all-cancers CSI was either close to or had already passed the GICC target to reach 60% 5-year survival for all childhood cancers combined, worldwide, by 2030. The GICC target therefore may not be ambitious enough. Funding: Cancer Research UK, Institut National du Cancer (France), St Jude Children’s Research Hospital (USA), US National Cancer Institute, and Dell Technologies.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Grech, Marvin Zarb, Francis Grech, Reuben Calleja, Neville Bezzina, Paul https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145693 2026-04-16T13:32:33Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Diagnostic reference levels in interventional neuroradiology : a scoping review Authors: Grech, Marvin; Zarb, Francis; Grech, Reuben; Calleja, Neville; Bezzina, Paul Abstract: Objectives: To review the literature on diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in interventional neuroradiology (INR), summarise reported dose values, and examine the methodologies used for their establishment. Materials and methods: A scoping review was conducted using SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest. Studies reporting DRLs for INR diagnostic procedures (cerebral angiography, (CA)) and therapeutic procedures (stroke thrombectomy, (ST); aneurysm coiling, (AC); arteriovenous malformation/fistula (AVM/AVF) embolisation) were included. Extracted data comprised dose metrics, sample size, percentile definition, procedure classification, and statistical approaches used for DRL derivation. Results: Thirty-nine studies reported DRLs for air kerma–area product (PKA), fluoroscopy time (FT), and reference air kerma (RAK). Most studies defined DRLs using the 75th percentile, although variations were observed in percentile selection, procedure grouping, and inclusion criteria. Considerable heterogeneity in sample sizes and data collection methods was identified. Reported DRLs varied widely: for CA, PKA 41–256.65 Gycm², FT 6–20 min, and RAK 289–921 mGy; for ST, PKA 110–225.1 Gycm², FT 30–45 min, and RAK 730–1590 mGy; for AC, PKA 52.1–487.4 Gycm², FT 16–90 min, and RAK 505–4750 mGy; and for AVM/AVF embolisation, PKA 206.4–550 Gycm², FT 59–135 min, and RAK 2350–6000 mGy. Conclusion: DRLs in INR show substantial variability, partly driven by methodological inconsistencies. Greater standardisation of DRL derivation and reporting is needed to support harmonisation and optimisation. Key Points: Question: How does the lack of international consensus on interventional neuroradiology (INR) diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), alongside inconsistent reporting, hinder benchmarking, optimisation, and radiation protection? Findings: DRLs are reported for major INR procedures, but vary widely across studies and procedure types. Clinical relevance: Differences in dose metrics, procedure classification, and data collection hinder comparison and benchmarking between centres. Standardised methods and harmonised reporting are crucial for effective dose optimisation and radiation protection in INR. Consistency in deriving DRLs would enable reliable benchmarking and support future registry-based initiatives.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z