https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/73336 2026-04-23T03:46:40Z 2026-04-23T03:46:40Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/129790 2024-12-11T05:45:28Z 1986-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Some aspects of industrial relations legislation in Malta Abstract: Several important attitudes evident today on the part of both management and unions were formed as far back as the Industrial Revolution with the improvement of the means of production. The 'relations' of production were altered in a distressing manner: "It has resolved personal worth into exchange value and in place of the numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom - Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religions and political illusions, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation." This was the background against which the early struggles between capital and labour took place according to the Marxist interpretation of the Ind- ustrial Revolution. Here the need for good industrial relations was widely felt mainly due to the changing production methods i.e. from a domestic to a factory system, where there came into being large numbers of workmen. This does not mean that under the domestic system all was well and good, but the only two parties involved in such disputes were the employer and the employee. The important point about the factory system was, that disputes now involved greater numbers of workers and the employer no longer dealt with one individual but with a group. This gave rise to the concept of collectivity which on the other hand gave the employees a tremendous potential bargaining strength vis-a-vis their employees. Besides this, in domestic production one could identify differing individual needs while in the factory system individual needs were replaced by class needs. Under such conditions the nature of the dlsputes obviously differed. Description: B.A.(HONS) BUS.MANGT.

1986-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/107286 2023-03-13T07:21:21Z 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Autonomy at Zammit Clapp Hospital Abstract: This study was motivated by the fact that although Zammit Clapp Hospital was opened in 1991, as a 'pilot project' upon which the structure of future hospitals would be based if outcomes were successful, the implementation of autonomy in the piloted hospital has not been followed up by any research. The study utilized qualitative, historical and quantitative research in a time-series framework and involved both management and patients' input with the aim of investigating the nature and extent of autonomy given to the hospital in terms of strategic, administrative, financial and human resource management and procurement. It also sought to establish whether the degree of accountability, efficiency and quality of care is dependent on the nature and extent of autonomy given and whether these achievements are at the expense of equity. What are the pitfalls of giving autonomy to hospitals and are there any lessons to be learnt from this experience? Many perceive the experiment as successful. However, studies on hospital autonomy in other countries show conflicting outcomes. Findings indicate that quality of care and patients' outcomes are high as can be seen by the patient satisfaction questionnaire findings and the improvements in the Barthel Index Scale. Findings also imply that changes in Governments accompanied by changes to hospital policies to reflect the new Government's approach have a negative impact on autonomy. The complete turnover of Hospital Management Committee members for the third time in 1998 may have given hospital management the initial impetus to motivate the teams as is evident by the achievements of 1999. Yet to many of them, the extent of managerial responsibility for the hospital's operations on a day-to-day basis remains unclear. In times of instability, managerial activity inevitably slows down and professional managers tend to revert to their role of technical specialists as is evident by the sustained level of quality of care. So while initially the autonomy status served as an incentive for the management team, the changes due to politics have resulted in management being cautious in decision-making. Furthermore, while autonomy has not been at the expense of equity, the lack of devolvement of decision powers at departmental management levels has served as a deterrent to the achievement of the full benefits of autonomy in terms of efficiency and accountability. Description: M.B.A.

2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/98518 2022-06-28T13:13:02Z 1969-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Problems of exporting from Malta Abstract: There is probably no businessman in Malta who does not realise the importance of exports to the economic welfare of the country. There will be few who are not aware that our visible trade balance is very unsatisfactory. In fact Malta has always had a negative balance in visible trade, which balance has been offset or reversed by net grants, invisible receipts and remittances from abroad. In the past invisible earnings from Services' expenditure have, but for some odd years enabled us to show a favourable balance of payments. As earnings from Services' expenditure continue to more earnings from other sources. The task bristles Malta is a very small country with limited natural resources. The Island has depended for generations on the employment provided by military bases. As a consequence of these factors, Malta's economy was based on importing goods that have been paid for through providing services primarily to British military personnel and their families. This structure was reflected in the Balance of Payments of these Islands, which was characterised by a heavy import bill and the dominance of Services' expenditure. This reliance on British Defence expenditure meant that the economic performance of the country became a function of Britain's demand for Malta's services as a fortress. Our eggs were mainly in one basket: The consequent result was inevitable. The White Paper on Defence of April, 1957 sounded the death knell for the existing economy. In 1961 no less than 17.6 per cent (15,710) of the gainfully occupied population of these Islands (89,220) was directly employed with the Services. In this same year the rundown of the British forces, and consequently expenditure, began. Malta's artificial economy was shattered. The situation was made worse when Britain announced in 1966 further plans to accelerate the rundown of its base here - the second rundown. Services' employment is scheduled to fall drastically to 3,500 by April, 1972. Total local expenditure on British Defence Account will fall from £12.5m in 1966 to £6m in 1972. Malta had to look around for new ways of earning her living. It had to find means of creating employment, the human side of the rundown problem, and ways of earning foreign exchange to make up for the loss of income from Service expenditure here. In most of the developing countries the basic problem is not poverty of resources; but this is one of the basic problems in the case of Malta. A constricted geographical area and limited natural resources are the prime problems of this Island. Although the island is fertile, the size of the agricultural sector is obviously limited because of the size of the area. Malta imports about half its food and practically all the durable and capital goods. As a generalisation, in countries with small internal markets, the problem is to secure better use of natural resources and develop the existing opportunities for international trade. This involves building up the various institutions necessary to the working of the market economy - banks, savings organisations of all kinds, a capital market, agricultural cooperatives, training institutes and so on. And the growth of the private sector can also be encouraged by a range of incentives designed to lower the cost of establishing projects, and increase their profitability once they are established. Description: H.DIP.ADMIN.MANGT.

1969-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/98506 2022-06-28T06:02:43Z 1969-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Report on field work in the beverage industry in Malta, 1958-1968 Abstract: Up to a few years ago, the economy of Malta depended almost on 4 single industry working for the Services. The total National Income amounted to about £281 million in 1954, wages paid to dockyard labour and Maltese members of forces accounted for almost one fourth. Income from Service Authorities and British families ran into another £3 million. Only about £8 million were earned in trade, transport and professions a As early as 1956, a drive to diversify the economy of these Islands was launched. The first step was the setting of the Aids to Industries Board in 1959. This board was set up under the first Five Year Plan to attract investments for the diversification of Maita's economy by offering a number of incentives. Mediterranean countries to which we should look when assessing this policy, as they are our direct competitors, provide in certain instances more attractive terns. Nevertheless, it is not felt that any major change should be made in the incentives offered, as good results are being shown recently, the functions of the Board were taken over by the Malta Development Corporation. Under this scheme, real progress has been achieved. From Table 1 in the 1966 Census of Production we see that Malta's volume of Production in 1962 stood at £16,5 millions. in 1966, it jumped to £26.4 million. And this, in a period of only four years. Description: H.DIP.ADMIN.MANGT.

1969-01-01T00:00:00Z