https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/73802 2026-04-07T01:40:41Z 2026-04-07T01:40:41Z Derbali, Abdelkader Jamel, Lamia Ltaifa, Monia Ben Elnagar, Ahmed K. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/74638 2021-04-26T05:01:36Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Return, volatility and shock spillovers of bitcoin with energy commodities Authors: Derbali, Abdelkader; Jamel, Lamia; Ltaifa, Monia Ben; Elnagar, Ahmed K. Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the spillover impacts between Bitcoin and the major energy commodities. Design/methodology/approach: To do so, we employ an asymmetric multivariate VAR-BEKK-AGARCH model to study spillover effects between Bitcoin and three energy commodities during the period from July 18, 2010 to June 30, 2018. Findings: The empirical findings show return spillovers from energy stock indices to Bitcoin. We find unilateral return and volatility spillovers and bidirectional shock influences and demonstrate portfolio management implications of dynamic conditional correlation. The little correlation of Bitcoin with the stock indices offers portfolio benefits. Our findings imply the importance of Bitcoin in portfolio construction and reflects the importance of diversification of portfolio between energy commodities and the crypto-currencies, mainly Bitcoin. Practical Implications: Bitcoin has qualified a fast development while across a time and several shareholders and investors are demonstrating importance in its possibility as a consolidative component of portfolio variation. Originality/value: The significant extension is the using of a recently established multivariate econometric method, VAR-BEKK-AGARCH, which is utilized to study the degree of incorporation in rapports of instability and return among Bitcoin and energy commodities.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Umukoro, Jones E. Egwakhe, Johnson A. Akpa, Victoria O. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/74290 2021-04-21T05:08:51Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Flexible work design and employee commitment : when socio-demographic characteristics are introduced? Authors: Umukoro, Jones E.; Egwakhe, Johnson A.; Akpa, Victoria O. Abstract: Purpose: In this study, we contribute to the existing literature by examining the relationship between military spending changes and economic growth in China over the period 1995 to 2018 using Granger causality test. We would also explore short and long run relationship between GDP growth and military expenditure of China. Approach/Methodology/Design: Data used in this study are yearly data covering the period of 1995 to 2018 and the variables are Gross Domestic product (GDP) and Military Expenditure (ME). Data were collected from World Bank. GDP is at 2010 constant US prices and ME is expressed as a percentage of economic growth. All variables are transformed into the natural logarithmics to obtain growth effects. Findings: Using causality test, the causal relationship between the variables revealed that the alternative hypothesis should be accepted which is lagged GDP variable (proxy of economic growth) does not cause ME in our first VAR Granger causslity Wald test model. However, we discover and verified that there is one-way causality from economic growth to military spending, but no causality from military spending to economic growth is observed in this study. China’s positive economic growth can finance its military expenditure. Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of influence of GDP on military expenditure for emerging and developed ecconomies. Originality/value: This study innovates by using Cointegration, E-granger and Granger causality test to find out economic growth causing military expenditure in developing economies like China.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Bhattacharjee, Abhishek Rajesh https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/74289 2021-04-21T05:07:56Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Demonetization 2016 - a burden for the Indian economy Authors: Bhattacharjee, Abhishek Rajesh Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impression of the Demonetization process undertaken by the Government of India in 2016 in a three-fold manner. Firstly, analysing the impact on the overall GDP of the nation. Secondly, analysing the impact on the distinctive sectors of the economy. Thirdly, analysing the mark it left on the Indian economy. Design/Methodology/Approach: The researcher has selected the issue keeping in mind the need to critically analyse the demonetization process which was undertaken by the government in 2016 and discuss the impact of the same on the Indian economy as a whole. The research for this paper has been conducted using a doctrinal method which involves both qualitative as well as quantitative approach. National legal instruments, books of both national as well as international repute, international law journals, international journals on economics, reports by various prominent economists, internet references, reports by the government and opinions of experts, research scholars and academicians are the sources from which the material information has been collected. The researcher has conducted an in-depth analysis of the various aspects of demonetization as well as its history around the world. Findings: After conducting the study it was found that though the intentions behind implementing the policy were positive, the effects of the same took a toll on the various sectors of the Indian economy. Practical Implications: Though the Demonetization policy helped in curbing the circulation of unaccounted money in the domestic market to a certain extent and also helped in curbing terrorist activities, the negative footprints left by the implementation can be felt even today and this makes the study all the more important. Originality/Value: The study is concerned with the damages inflicted by the Demonetization policy in India which is a result of improper planning and implementation.

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Joseph, Tonuchi Emmanuel https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/74288 2021-04-21T05:06:56Z 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: How to improve mobile money service usage and adoption by Nigerians in the era of Covid-19 Authors: Joseph, Tonuchi Emmanuel Abstract: Purpose: The paper aims to investigate how to improve mobile money service adoption and usage by Nigerians during the era of Covid-19 by examining the challenges faced by mobile money users in Nigeria. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study used a mixed method to sample 300 targeted informal sector operators offline using questionnaires and 200 respondents online (ardent digital products users) using Google form. In reaching the targeted online sample, the study distributed the google form through social media while a judgmental and accidental sampling technique was employed to target the informal economy participants. Findings: Both the online and offline data revealed that poor mobile network (infrastructural deficiency), security concerns, cost of services, and poor complaints resolution top the biggest hindrance facing mobile money adoption and usage in Nigeria. While the introduction of community-based complaints resolution, fixing security bugs, reduction in the cost of service, and effective stakeholder collaboration top the measures of improving mobile money adoption and usage in the country. Practical Implications: The study identified popular misconceptions about mobile money and also provide evidence that the process of recruiting respondents influences the outcome of the result. Originality/value: First to collect sample both online (targeting ardent digital product users) and offline (targeting informal economy operators).

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