https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/754 2026-07-22T13:37:02Z 2026-07-22T13:37:02Z Zhou, Bin Phelps, Nowell H. Galeazzi, Agnese O’Driscoll, Olivia N. Bennett, James E. Jain, Lakshya D’Ailhaud De Brisis, Ysé Barradas-Pires, Ana Deo, Fulvio Stevens, Gretchen A. Kontis, Vasilis Paciorek, Christopher J. Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Mishra, Anu Fan, Yefeng Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea Nath, Vishwa Rayner, Archie W. Zouein, Annalise Evans, Natalie R. Baker, Jennifer L. Fink, Günther Sorić, Maroje Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bovet, Pascal Danaei, Goodarz Davletov, Kairat Ganapathy, Shubash Gregg, Edward W. Ikeda, Nayu Kengne, Andre Pascal Khang, Young-Ho Khunti, Kamlesh Laatikainen, Tiina Laxmaiah, Avula Lim, Lee-Ling Lin, Hsien-Ho Mbanya, Jean Claude N. Miranda, J. Jaime Schienkiewitz, Anja Sebert, Sylvain Shrestha, Namuna Song, Yi Soto-Mota, Luis Adrián Starc, Gregor Wang, Limin Younger-Coleman, Novie O. Zaccardi, Francesco Aarestrup, Julie Abarca-Gómez, Leandra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abdeen, Ziad A. Abdrakhmanova, Shynar Abdul Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul Rahim, Hanan F. Abdurahmnova, Zulfiya Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Abubakar Garba, Jamila Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adam, Ishag Adamczyk, Marzena Adams, Robert J. Adu-Afarwuah, Seth Aekplakorn, Wichai Afifah, Tin Afsana, Kaosar Afzal, Shoaib Agdeppa, Imelda A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad Ågren, Åsa Aguenaou, Hassan Agyemang, Charles Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmed, Imran Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahrens, Wolfgang Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira Ajlouni, Kamel Akhmedova, Dilorom Akhmedova, Nilufar Al-Daghri, Nasser Al-Hamli, Sarah F. Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M. Al-Hinai, Halima Al-Lawati, Jawad A. Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Al-Shami, Islam K. Al Asfoor, Deena Al Hourani, Huda M. Alarouj, Monira AlBuhairan, Fadia AlDhukair, Shahla Aldwairji, Maryam A. Alexius, Sílvia Ali, Mohamed M. Ali, Mohammed K. Alias, Nazirah Alieva, Anna V. Alkandari, Abdullah Alkhatib, Buthaina M. Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amiri, Parisa Amoah, John Amougou, Norbert Amouyel, Philippe Amouzegar, Atieh Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Andersson, Jonas S. Androutsos, Odysseas Anne, Malick Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Anufrieva, Elena Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araújo, Joana Ariansen, Inger Arias López, Carmen Aris, Tahir Arku, Raphael E. Arlappa, Nimmathota Artero, Enrique G. Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. Assefa, Nega Assembekov, Batyrbek Assunção, Maria Cecília F. Au Yeung, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Shiu Lun Aung, May Soe Avdičová, Mária Azad, Kishwar Azevedo, Ana Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen Azizi, Fereidoun Babu, Bontha V. Bacopoulou, Flora Baharudin, Azli Bahijri, Suhad Bajić, Borko Bajramovic, Izet Bakacs, Marta Balakrishna, Nagalla Balanova, Yulia Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej Banegas, José R. Baran, Joanna Baran, Rafał Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barbosa Filho, Valter Barcelo, Alberto Baretić, Maja Barkat, Amina Barnoya, Joaquin Barrera, Lena Barreto, Marta Barros, Aluisio J. D. Bartosiewicz, Anna Basiak-Rasała, Alicja Basit, Abdul Bastos, Joao Luiz D. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batista, Aline P. Batista, Rosangela L. Battakova, Zhamilya Bauer, Susanne Baur, Louise A. Bayauli, Pascal M. Beaglehole, Robert Bel-Serrat, Silvia Belavendra, Antonisamy Belavendra, Antonisamy Beltran-Valls, María R. Romdhane, Habiba Ben Benedek, Theodora Benedics, Judith Benet, Mikhail Benitez Rolandi, Gilda Estela Benito, Pedro J. Benzeval, Michaela Bere, Elling Berger, Nicolas Bergh, Ingunn Holden Berhane, Yemane Berkinbayev, Salim Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bernotiene, Gailute Berrios Carrasola, Ximena Berruezo, Paula Bettiol, Heloísa Beutel, Manfred E. Beybey, Augustin F. Bezerra, Jorge Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bharadwaj, Sumit Bhargava, Santosh K. Bi, Hongsheng Bi, Yufang Bia, Daniel Biasch, Katia Bika Lele, Elysée Claude Bikbov, Mukharram M. Bista, Bihungum Bjelica, Dusko J. Bjerregaard, Anne A. Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Björkelund, Cecilia Blauzde, Ieva Blaychfeld Magnazi, Moran Bloch, Katia V. Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boddy, Lynne M. Boehm, Bernhard O. Boggia, Jose G. Bogova, Elena Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bojesen, Stig E. Bonaccio, Marialaura Bonanni, Americo Bongard, Vanina Bonilla-Vargas, Alice Bopp, Matthias Borghi, Elaine Borghs, Herman Botomba, Steve Bourne, Rupert Boymatova, Khadichamo Bracone, Francesca Braeckevelt, Lien Braeckman, Lutgart Bragt, Marjolijn C. E. Braithwaite, Tasanee Brajkovich, Imperia Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Breda, João Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Brian, Garry R. Briceño, Yajaira Brîndușe, Lăcrămioara Bringolf-Isler, Bettina Brito, Miguel Brophy, Sinead Brug, Johannes Bugge, Anna Buoncristiano, Marta Burazeri, Genc Burns, Con Cabrera de León, Antonio Cacciottolo, Joseph M. Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina Cai, Hui Caixeta, Roberta B. Cama, Tilema Cameron, Christine Camolas, José Campa, Francesco Can, Günay Cândido, Ana Paula C. Cañete, Felicia Capanzana, Mario V. Čapková, Naděžda Capuano, Eduardo Capuano, Rocco Capuano, Vincenzo Cardol, Marloes Cardoso, Viviane C. Carlsson, Axel C. Carmuega, Esteban Carvalho, Joana Carvalho Malta, Deborah Casajús, José A. Casanueva, Felipe F. Castro-Piñero, Jose Celikcan, Ertugrul Censi, Laura Cerletti, Chiara Cervantes‐Loaiza, Marvin Cesar, Juraci A. Chamnan, Parinya Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Charchar, Fadi J. Charles, Marie-Aline Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nish Che Abdul Rahim, Norsyamlina Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Long-Sheng Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Cheng, Yiling J. Cheraghi, Leila Cheraghian, Bahman Chetrit, Angela Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina Chinapaw, Mai J. M. Chiolero, Arnaud Chirita-Emandi, Adela Chirlaque, María-Dolores Chong, Chean Lin Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. Chudek, Jerzy Ciardullo, Silvia Cifkova, Renata Cilia, Michelle Cinteza, Eliza Cirillo, Massimo Claessens, Frank Clapperton, Maria Clare, Philip Clarke, Janine Cociu, Svetlana Cohen, Emmanuel Colorado-Yohar, Sandra Compañ-Gabucio, Laura-María Concin, Hans Confortin, Susana C. Cooper, Cyrus Coppinger, Tara C. Cordeiro, Lorraine S. Corpeleijn, Eva Cortés, Lilia Yadira Cosmin, Cojocaru R. Costanzo, Simona Cowan, Melanie J. Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crampin, Amelia C. Crookes, Haddy Cross, Amanda J. Crozier, Sarah Crujeiras, Ana B. Cruz, Juan J. Csányi, Tamás Csilla, Semánová Cucu, Alexandra M. Cui, Liufu Cureau, Felipe V. Cuschieri, Sarah Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ewelina D’Arrigo, Graziella d’Orsi, Eleonora da Silva-Ferreira, Haroldo da Silva, Alanna G. Dacica, Liliana Dahiru, Tukur Dahm, Christina C. Dal Re Saavedra, María Ángeles Dallongeville, Jean Damasceno, Albertino Damsgaard, Camilla T. Daneshpour, Maryam S. Dankner, Rachel Dasgupta, Parasmani Dastgiri, Saeed Dauchet, Luc de Almeida, Afonso de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos, Francisco Altenburg de Assis, Maria Alice De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Bacquer, Jaco de Bont, Jeroen De Filippis, Luigi G. de Fragas Hinnig, Patrícia De Henauw, Stefaan De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar De Neve, Jan-Walter Duarte de Oliveira, Paula De Regil, Luz Maria De Ridder, David De Ridder, Karin de Rooij, Susanne R. de Sá, Ana Carolina M. G. N. De Smedt, Delphine de Souza, Thomas V. de Valois Correia Júnior, Marco A. Dedoussis, George Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. DeGennaro Jr, Vincent Delpeuch, Francis Demarest, Stefaan Dennison, Elaine Dereń, Katarzyna Deschamps, Valérie Devrishov, Ruslan D. Dhimal, Meghnath Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Diez-Canseco, Francisco Dika, Zivka Djalalinia, Shirin Djordjic, Visnja Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. Dominguez, Liria Donati, Maria Benedetta Donfrancesco, Chiara Dong, Guanghui Dong, Li Dong, Yanhui Donoso, Silvana P. Dorado-García, Cecilia Döring, Angela Dorobantu, Maria Dorosty, Ahmad Reza Dörr, Marcus Dragano, Nico Drygas, Wojciech Du, Shufa Duan, Jia Li Duante, Charmaine A. Duboz, Priscilla Duishenkulova, Marina Duleva, Vesselka L. Dulskiene, Virginija Dumith, Samuel C. Dushpanova, Anar Dwyer, Terence Dyussupova, Azhar Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Dzielska, Anna Ebrahimi, Narges Echeverría, Guadalupe Eddie, Ricky Eftekhar, Ebrahim Efthymiou, Vasiliki Egbagbe, Eruke E. Eggertsen, Robert Eghtesad, Sareh Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El-Khateeb, Mohammad El Ammari, Laila El Ati, Jalila Eldemire-Shearer, Denise Elliott, Paul Enang, Ofem Endevelt, Ronit Engle-Stone, Reina Englund, Jonas Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erem, Cihangir Ergor, Gul Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge Esmaeili, Ali España-Romero, Vanesa Evans, Alun Evans, Roger G. Faeh, David Fagherazzi, Guy Fahimfar, Noushin Fakhradiyev, Ildar Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Fall, Caroline H. Faramarzi, Elnaz Farjam, Mojtaba Farrugia Sant’Angelo, Victoria Farzi, Yosef Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Fawwad, Asher Fawzi, Wafaie W. Felder-Puig, Rosemarie Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. Fernández-Bergés, Daniel Fernando, Desha R. Ferrand, Rashida A. Ferrante, Daniel Ferrao, Thomas Ferrari, Gerson Ferrari, Marika Ferrario, Marco M. Ferreccio, Catterina Ferrer, Eldridge Ferrieres, Jean Figueiró, Thamara Hubler Fijalkowska, Anna Fisberg, Mauro Fischer, Krista Fofana, Malang N. Forsner, Maria Fottrell, Edward F. Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Fras, Zlatko Fraser, Brooklyn Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Fumihiko, Matsuda Furdela, Viktoriya Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Gafarov, Lutfi Gafencu, Mihai Galcheva, Sonya V. Galenkamp, Henrike Galeone, Daniela Galfo, Myriam Galvano, Fabio Gao, Jingli Garabwan, Chandalene García-Corada, Natalia Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli García Solano, Marta Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gauthier, Victoria Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya, Anelise Reis Gazzinelli, Andrea Gehring, Ulrike Geleijnse, Johanna M. George, Ronnie Gerdts, Eva Gezawa, Ibrahim D. Ghaderi, Ebrahim Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghanbari, Ali Ghasemi, Asghar Ghasemi, Erfan Ghattas, Hala Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Giampaoli, Simona Gianfagna, Francesco Gieger, Christian Gill, Tiffany K. Ginindza, Ntombifuthi Giovannelli, Jonathan Gironella, Glen Giwercman, Aleksander Gkiouras, Konstantinos Glushkova, Natalya Godara, Ramesh Godfrey, Keith M. Godos, Justyna Gogen, Sibel Goldberg, Marcel Goltzman, David Gómez, Georgina Gomez, Luis F. Gómez, Santiago F. Gomula, Aleksandra Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Gonçalves, Helen Gonçalves, Mauer González-Alvarez, Ana D. Gonzalez-Chica, David A. González-Gil, Esther M. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela González-Leon, Margot González-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Angel R. Gottrand, Frederic Graça, Antonio Pedro Grafnetter, Dušan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Grant, Andriene Gregor, Ronald D. Gregório, Maria João Grimsgaard, Anne Sameline Grøholt, Else Karin Grøntved, Anders Grosso, Giuseppe Gu, Dongfeng Guajardo, Viviana Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela Guallar-Castillón, Pilar Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerchet, Maëlenn Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gujral, Unjali P. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc J. Guo, Xiu-Hua Guo, Yin Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Preeti Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurinović, Mirjana A. Gutiérrez González, Enrique Gutzwiller, Felix Guxens, Mònica Gwee, Xinyi Ha, Seongjun Hadaegh, Farzad Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Haghshenas, Rosa Hagverdiyev, Gahraman Hakimi, Hamid Halkjær, Jytte Hallaq, Sameh S. Hambleton, Ian R. Hamzeh, Behrooz Hange, Dominique Hanif, Abu A. M. Hantunen, Sari Hao, Jie Hardman, Carla Menêses Hardy, Louise Harmer Lassen, Tina Harooni, Javad Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Hasheminia, Mitra Hassapidou, Maria Hata, Jun Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hayashi, Chika Hayes, Alison J. He, Jiang He, Yuan He, Yuna Hedayati, Mehdi Heidinger-Felső, Regina Heier, Margit Heinen, Mirjam Hejgaard, Tatjana Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henrique, Rafael dos Santos Henriques, Ana Hernandez Cadena, Leticia Herrala, Sauli Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella Herrera, Victor M. Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle Herzig, Karl-Heinz Heshmat, Ramin Heude, Barbara Hill, Allan G. Ho, Sai Yin Hobbs, Michael Höfelmann, Doroteia A. Holdsworth, Michelle Homayounfar, Reza Homs, Clara Hoogendijk, Emiel O. Hopman, Wilma M. Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Hosseinpanah, Farhad Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, José María Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huiart, Laetitia Huidumac Petrescu, Constanta Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif S. Huu, Chinh Nguyen Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Hyska, Jolanda Iacoviello, Licia Iakupova, Ellina M. Ibarluzea, Jesús M. Ibrahim Wong, Norazizah Igland, Jannicke Ijoma, Chinwuba Ikerdeu, Edolem Ikram, M. Arfan. Iñiguez, Carmen Iotova, Violeta Ipil, Maybelline Joy B. Irazola, Vilma E. Ishida, Takafumi Isiguzo, Godsent C. Islam, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islek, Duygu Ivanova-Pandourska, Ivaila Y. Iwasaki, Masanori Jääskeläinen, Tuija Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jadoul, Michel Jafar, Tazeen H. James, Kenneth Jamrozik, Konrad Jan, Nataša Jansson, Anna Janszky, Imre Janus, Edward Jarani, Juel Jarnig, Gerald Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jasienska, Grazyna Jelaković, Ana Jelaković, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jibo, A. M. Jimenez, Ramon O. Jöckel, Karl-Heinz Joffres, Michel Jokelainen, Jari J. Jonas, Jost B. Jøran Kjerpeseth, Lars Jørgensen, Torben Joshi, Rohina Josipović, Josipa Joukar, Farahnaz Jousilahti, Pekka Jóźwiak, Jacek J. Judge, Debra S. Juolevi, Anne Jurak, Gregor Jurca Simina, Iulia Juresa, Vesna Kaaks, Rudolf Kaartinen, Niina E. Kaducu, Felix O. Kadvan, Agnes L. Kafatos, Anthony Kafyra, Maria Kaj, Mónika Kajantie, Eero O. Kakani, Sree Ramakrishna Kakuhikire, Bernard Kakutia, Natia Kállayová, Daniela Kalmatayeva, Zhanna Kalpourtzi, Natasa Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kameli, Yves Kanala, Kodanda R. Kannan, Srinivasan Kapantais, Efthymios Kapustina, Anna Karaglani, Eva Kårhus, Line L. Karki, Khem B. Karlsson, Omat Kassi Anicet, Adoubi Katchunga, Philippe B. Katibeh, Marzieh Katulanda, Prasad Katz, Joanne Katzmarzyk, Peter T. Kauhanen, Jussi Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Kaze, François F. Kazembe, Benson M. Ke, Calvin Ke, Youzhi Keil, Ulrich Keinan Boker, Lital Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M. Kelishadi, Roya Kelleher, Cecily Kemper, Han C. G. Keramati, Maryam Kersting, Mathilde Kgosiemang, Bobby Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalagi, Kazem Khaledifar, Arsalan Khalili, Davood Kheiri, Bahareh Kheradmand, Motahareh Khorosheva, Irina V. Khosravi Farsani, Alireza Khouw, Ilse M. S. L. Khwaja Mir Islam, Saeed Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Kiechl, Stefan Killewo, Japhet Kim, Hyeon Chang Kindblom, Jenny M. Klakk, Heidi Klanarong, Suntara Klanova, Jana Klimek, Magdalena Klumbiene, Jurate Knoflach, Michael Kobel, Susanne Kochman, Maciej Koirala, Bhawesh Koirala, Sweta Kolle, Elin Kolo, Sanda M. Kolsteren, Patrick König, Jürgen Koponen, Päivikki Korpelainen, Raija Korrovits, Paul Korzycka, Magdalena Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Koussoh Simone, Malik Kovács, Éva Kovacs, Viktoria Anna Kovalskys, Irina Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratenova, Jana Kratzer, Wolfgang Kriaucioniene, Vilma Kriemler, Susi Kristensen, Peter Lund Krizan, Helena Kroker-Lobos, Maria F. Krokstad, Steinar Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kruger, Ruan Kryst, Łukasz Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kujala, Urho M. Kujundzic, Enisa Kulaga, Zbigniew Kulimbet, Mukhtar Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran Kumapley, Richard Kumar, R. Krishna Kumari, Meena Kunešová, Marie Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kutsenko, Vladimir Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine La, Quang Ngoc Laamiri, Fatima Zahra Labadarios, Demetre Labayen, Idoia Lachat, Carl Lackner, Karl J. Lahti, Jouni Lai, Daphne Lai, Wai Kent Laid, Youcef Lall, Lachmie Lamoureux, Ecosse L. Landaeta Jimenez, Maritza Landais, Edwige Langsted, Anne Lankila, Tiina Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Lateva, Mina P. Latt, Tint Swe Laurenzi, Martino Lazo-Porras, María Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh Le Port, Agnès Le, Tuyen D. Lee, Jeannette Lee, Paul H. Lehtimäki, Terho Lemogoum, Daniel Leon, David A. Leong, Elvynna Lertxundi, Aitana Lertxundi, Nerea Leskošek, Branimir Leszczak, Justyna Leth-Møller, Katja B. Leung, Gabriel M. Levälahti, Esko Levushkin, Sergey P. Li, Yanping Liivak, Merike Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Charlie Lim, Wei-Yen Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda Lin, Yi-Jing Lind, Lars Lingam, Vijaya Linkohr, Birgit Linneberg, Allan Linseisen, Jakob Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Liu, Jing Liu, Lijuan Liu, Liping Liu, Xiaotian Liu, Yang Llop, Sabrina Lo, Wei-Cheng Loit, Helle-Mai Lokubalasooriya, Ayesha Long, Khuong Quynh Lopes, Carla Lopes, Luis Lopes, Marcus V. V. Lopes, Oscar Lopez-Garcia, Esther López-Gil, José Francisco Lopez, Tania Lotufo, Paulo A. Lozano-Alonso, José-Eugenio Lozano-Berges, Gabriel Lukrafka, Janice L. Luksiene, Dalia Luna, María Delia Lundqvist, Annamari Lunet, Nuno Lunogelo, Charles Lustigová, Michala Łuszczki, Edyta M’Buyamba-Kabangu, Jean-René Ma, Guansheng Ma, Jun Ma, Xu Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Macia, Enguerran Macieira, Luisa M. Madar, Ahmed A. Madraisau, Sherilynn Madsen, Anja L Maestre, Gladys E. Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahasampath, Gowri Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Mäki, Päivi Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Malisoux, Laurent Malyutina, Sofia K. Maniego, Lynell V. Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Männistö, Satu Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manyanga, Taru Manzato, Enzo Mapatano, Mala Ali Marcil, Anie Mardones, Francisco Margozzini, Paula Mariño, Joany Marinović Glavić, Mihaela Markaki, Anastasia Markey, Oonagh Markic, Josko Markidou Ioannidou, Eliza Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marques, Larissa Pruner Marrugat, Jaume Martens, Dries Martin-Prevel, Yves Martin, Rosemarie Martinez-Tellez, Borja Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente Martorell, Reynaldo Martos, Eva Maruf, Fatai A. Maruszczak, Katharina Marventano, Stefano Masala, Giovanna Mascarenhas, Luis P. Masimango Imani, Mannix Masinaei, Masoud Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mathur, Prashant Matijasevich, Alicia Matłosz, Piotr Matsha, Tandi E. Matsudo, Victor Matteo, Giletta Maulik, Pallab K. Mavrogianni, Christina Mazur, Artur Mba, Camille M. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McGee, Keeley McKee, Martin McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Mediene Benchekor, Sounnia Medzioniene, Jurate Mehlig, Kirsten Mehra, Vrinda Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Meisfjord, Jørgen Meisinger, Christine Melgarejo, Jesus D. Melkumova, Marina Mello, Júlio B. Mendes, Sofia Méndez, Fabián Mendivil, Carlos O. Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mensink, Gert B. M. Menzano, Maria Teresa Meshram, Indrapal I. Meto, Diane T. Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michaelsen, Kim F. Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Milešević, Jelena P. Miller, Jody C. Milushkina, Olga Minderico, Cláudia S. Mini, G. K. Miquel, Juan Francisco Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Mirkopoulou, Daphne Mirmiran, Parvin Mirzaei, Masoud Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta Mistretta, Antonio Mocanu, Veronica Mocumbi, Ana Modesti, Pietro A. Modou, Jobe Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Mohamed, Shukri F. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohan, Viswanathan Mohd Sidik, Sherina Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohebbi, Iraj Moliner Urdiales, Diego Møllehave, Line T. Molnár, Dénes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. Monge-Rojas, Rafael Monroy-Valle, Michele M. Montenegro Mendoza, Roger A. Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moosazadeh, Mahmood Mopa, Hermine T. Moradpour, Farhad Moreira, Leila B. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morey, Francis Morgan, Karen Morin, Suzanne N. Mortensen, Erik Lykke Moschonis, George Moslem, Alireza Mosquera, Mildrey Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali Mota-Pinto, Anabela Mota, Eugen Mota, Jorge Mota, Maria Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Moumakwa, Robert Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André Movsesyan, Yeva Mridha, Malay K. Msyamboza, Kelias P. Mtijasevich, Alicia Mu, Thet Thet Muc, Magdalena Muca, Florian Mugoša, Boban Muiesan, Maria L. Müller-Nurasyid, Martina Munroe, Patricia B. Muntaner-Mas, Adrià Münzel, Thomas Murphy, Molly M. Murrin, Celine Mursu, Jaakko Murtagh, Elaine M. Musa, Kamarul Imran Milanović, Sanja Musić Musil, Vera Musinguzi, Geofrey Muyer, Muel Telo M. C. Nabipour, Iraj Nagel, Gabriele Najafi, Farid Nakamura, Harunobu Nalecz, Hanna Námešná, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Nankap, Martin Narake, Sameer Narayan, K. M. Venkat Nardone, Paola Naseri, Take Nawrot, Tim Neal, William A. Neelapaichit, Nareemarn Nehme, Mayssam Nejatizadeh, Azim Nenko, Ilona Neovius, Martin Nervi, Flavio Nesterova, Olena Neupane, Dinesh Ng, Tze Pin Nguyen, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Ni, Michael Y. Nicolescu, Rodica Nie, Peng Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E. Nikitin, Yury P. Ning, Guang Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishi, Nobuo Nishtar, Sania Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Nogueira, Helena Nordendahl, Maria Nordestgaard, Børge G. Norton, Kevin I. Noto, Davide Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia Al Nsour, Mohannad Nuhoğlu, Irfan Nurk, Eha Nuwaha, Fred Nyirenda, Moffat O’Neill, Terence W. O’Reilly, Dermot Obreja, Galina Ochimana, Caleb Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M. 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Title: Obesity rise plateaus in developed nations and accelerates in developing nations Authors: Zhou, Bin; Phelps, Nowell H.; Galeazzi, Agnese; O’Driscoll, Olivia N.; Bennett, James E.; Jain, Lakshya; D’Ailhaud De Brisis, Ysé; Barradas-Pires, Ana; Deo, Fulvio; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Kontis, Vasilis; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Mishra, Anu; Fan, Yefeng; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Nath, Vishwa; Rayner, Archie W.; Zouein, Annalise; Evans, Natalie R.; Baker, Jennifer L.; Fink, Günther; Sorić, Maroje; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bovet, Pascal; Danaei, Goodarz; Davletov, Kairat; Ganapathy, Shubash; Gregg, Edward W.; Ikeda, Nayu; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khang, Young-Ho; Khunti, Kamlesh; Laatikainen, Tiina; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lim, Lee-Ling; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Mbanya, Jean Claude N.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Schienkiewitz, Anja; Sebert, Sylvain; Shrestha, Namuna; Song, Yi; Soto-Mota, Luis Adrián; Starc, Gregor; Wang, Limin; Younger-Coleman, Novie O.; Zaccardi, Francesco; Aarestrup, Julie; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Abdul Ghaffar, Suhaila; Abdul Rahim, Hanan F.; Abdurahmnova, Zulfiya; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Abubakar Garba, Jamila; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adam, Ishag; Adamczyk, Marzena; Adams, Robert J.; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afifah, Tin; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Ågren, Åsa; Aguenaou, Hassan; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmadi, Nastaran; Ahmed, Imran; Ahmed, Soheir H.; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira; Ajlouni, Kamel; Akhmedova, Dilorom; Akhmedova, Nilufar; Al-Daghri, Nasser; Al-Hamli, Sarah F.; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al-Hinai, Halima; Al-Lawati, Jawad A.; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Al-Shami, Islam K.; Al Asfoor, Deena; Al Hourani, Huda M.; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Aldwairji, Maryam A.; Alexius, Sílvia; Ali, Mohamed M.; Ali, Mohammed K.; Alias, Nazirah; Alieva, Anna V.; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkhatib, Buthaina M.; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Amiri, Parisa; Amoah, John; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Amouzegar, Atieh; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund A.; Andersson, Jonas S.; Androutsos, Odysseas; Anne, Malick; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anufrieva, Elena; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araújo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Arias López, Carmen; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Artero, Enrique G.; Aryal, Krishna K.; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assefa, Nega; Assembekov, Batyrbek; Assunção, Maria Cecília F.; Au Yeung, Shiu Lun; Au Yeung, Shiu Lun; Aung, May Soe; Avdičová, Mária; Azad, Kishwar; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Babu, Bontha V.; Bacopoulou, Flora; Baharudin, Azli; Bahijri, Suhad; Bajić, Borko; Bajramovic, Izet; Bakacs, Marta; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Balanova, Yulia; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Banegas, José R.; Baran, Joanna; Baran, Rafał; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Barbosa Filho, Valter; Barcelo, Alberto; Baretić, Maja; Barkat, Amina; Barnoya, Joaquin; Barrera, Lena; Barreto, Marta; Barros, Aluisio J. D.; Bartosiewicz, Anna; Basiak-Rasała, Alicja; Basit, Abdul; Bastos, Joao Luiz D.; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M.; Batista, Aline P.; Batista, Rosangela L.; Battakova, Zhamilya; Bauer, Susanne; Baur, Louise A.; Bayauli, Pascal M.; Beaglehole, Robert; Bel-Serrat, Silvia; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Beltran-Valls, María R.; Romdhane, Habiba Ben; Benedek, Theodora; Benedics, Judith; Benet, Mikhail; Benitez Rolandi, Gilda Estela; Benito, Pedro J.; Benzeval, Michaela; Bere, Elling; Berger, Nicolas; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Berhane, Yemane; Berkinbayev, Salim; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Berrios Carrasola, Ximena; Berruezo, Paula; Bettiol, Heloísa; Beutel, Manfred E.; Beybey, Augustin F.; Bezerra, Jorge; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Bi, Hongsheng; Bi, Yufang; Bia, Daniel; Biasch, Katia; Bika Lele, Elysée Claude; Bikbov, Mukharram M.; Bista, Bihungum; Bjelica, Dusko J.; Bjerregaard, Anne A.; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius B.; Björkelund, Cecilia; Blauzde, Ieva; Blaychfeld Magnazi, Moran; Bloch, Katia V.; Blokstra, Anneke; Bo, Simona; Bobak, Martin; Boddy, Lynne M.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Boggia, Jose G.; Bogova, Elena; Boissonnet, Carlos P.; Bojesen, Stig E.; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Bonanni, Americo; Bongard, Vanina; Bonilla-Vargas, Alice; Bopp, Matthias; Borghi, Elaine; Borghs, Herman; Botomba, Steve; Bourne, Rupert; Boymatova, Khadichamo; Bracone, Francesca; Braeckevelt, Lien; Braeckman, Lutgart; Bragt, Marjolijn C. E.; Braithwaite, Tasanee; Brajkovich, Imperia; Branca, Francesco; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Breda, João; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M.; Brian, Garry R.; Briceño, Yajaira; Brîndușe, Lăcrămioara; Bringolf-Isler, Bettina; Brito, Miguel; Brophy, Sinead; Brug, Johannes; Bugge, Anna; Buoncristiano, Marta; Burazeri, Genc; Burns, Con; Cabrera de León, Antonio; Cacciottolo, Joseph M.; Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina; Cai, Hui; Caixeta, Roberta B.; Cama, Tilema; Cameron, Christine; Camolas, José; Campa, Francesco; Can, Günay; Cândido, Ana Paula C.; Cañete, Felicia; Capanzana, Mario V.; Čapková, Naděžda; Capuano, Eduardo; Capuano, Rocco; Capuano, Vincenzo; Cardol, Marloes; Cardoso, Viviane C.; Carlsson, Axel C.; Carmuega, Esteban; Carvalho, Joana; Carvalho Malta, Deborah; Casajús, José A.; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Castro-Piñero, Jose; Celikcan, Ertugrul; Censi, Laura; Cerletti, Chiara; Cervantes‐Loaiza, Marvin; Cesar, Juraci A.; Chamnan, Parinya; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chan, Angelique W.; Chan, Queenie; Charchar, Fadi J.; Charles, Marie-Aline; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Che Abdul Rahim, Norsyamlina; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Huashuai; Chen, Long-Sheng; Chen, Shuohua; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cheng, Yiling J.; Cheraghi, Leila; Cheraghian, Bahman; Chetrit, Angela; Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina; Chinapaw, Mai J. M.; Chiolero, Arnaud; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Chong, Chean Lin; Christensen, Kaare; Christofaro, Diego G.; Chudek, Jerzy; Ciardullo, Silvia; Cifkova, Renata; Cilia, Michelle; Cinteza, Eliza; Cirillo, Massimo; Claessens, Frank; Clapperton, Maria; Clare, Philip; Clarke, Janine; Cociu, Svetlana; Cohen, Emmanuel; Colorado-Yohar, Sandra; Compañ-Gabucio, Laura-María; Concin, Hans; Confortin, Susana C.; Cooper, Cyrus; Coppinger, Tara C.; Cordeiro, Lorraine S.; Corpeleijn, Eva; Cortés, Lilia Yadira; Cosmin, Cojocaru R.; Costanzo, Simona; Cowan, Melanie J.; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Crookes, Haddy; Cross, Amanda J.; Crozier, Sarah; Crujeiras, Ana B.; Cruz, Juan J.; Csányi, Tamás; Csilla, Semánová; Cucu, Alexandra M.; Cui, Liufu; Cureau, Felipe V.; Cuschieri, Sarah; Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ewelina; D’Arrigo, Graziella; d’Orsi, Eleonora; da Silva-Ferreira, Haroldo; da Silva, Alanna G.; Dacica, Liliana; Dahiru, Tukur; Dahm, Christina C.; Dal Re Saavedra, María Ángeles; Dallongeville, Jean; Damasceno, Albertino; Damsgaard, Camilla T.; Daneshpour, Maryam S.; Dankner, Rachel; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Dastgiri, Saeed; Dauchet, Luc; de Almeida, Afonso; de Assis Guedes de Vasconcelos, Francisco; Altenburg de Assis, Maria Alice; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; De Bacquer, Jaco; de Bont, Jeroen; De Filippis, Luigi G.; de Fragas Hinnig, Patrícia; De Henauw, Stefaan; De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Duarte de Oliveira, Paula; De Regil, Luz Maria; De Ridder, David; De Ridder, Karin; de Rooij, Susanne R.; de Sá, Ana Carolina M. G. N.; De Smedt, Delphine; de Souza, Thomas V.; de Valois Correia Júnior, Marco A.; Dedoussis, George; Deepa, Mohan; Deev, Alexander D.; DeGennaro Jr, Vincent; Delpeuch, Francis; Demarest, Stefaan; Dennison, Elaine; Dereń, Katarzyna; Deschamps, Valérie; Devrishov, Ruslan D.; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Diaz, Alejandro; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; Dika, Zivka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Djordjic, Visnja; Do, Ha T. P.; Dobson, Annette J.; Dominguez, Liria; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Dong, Guanghui; Dong, Li; Dong, Yanhui; Donoso, Silvana P.; Dorado-García, Cecilia; Döring, Angela; Dorobantu, Maria; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Dörr, Marcus; Dragano, Nico; Drygas, Wojciech; Du, Shufa; Duan, Jia Li; Duante, Charmaine A.; Duboz, Priscilla; Duishenkulova, Marina; Duleva, Vesselka L.; Dulskiene, Virginija; Dumith, Samuel C.; Dushpanova, Anar; Dwyer, Terence; Dyussupova, Azhar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Dzielska, Anna; Ebrahimi, Narges; Echeverría, Guadalupe; Eddie, Ricky; Eftekhar, Ebrahim; Efthymiou, Vasiliki; Egbagbe, Eruke E.; Eggertsen, Robert; Eghtesad, Sareh; Eiben, Gabriele; Ekelund, Ulf; El-Khateeb, Mohammad; El Ammari, Laila; El Ati, Jalila; Eldemire-Shearer, Denise; Elliott, Paul; Enang, Ofem; Endevelt, Ronit; Engle-Stone, Reina; Englund, Jonas; Erasmus, Rajiv T.; Erem, Cihangir; Ergor, Gul; Eriksen, Louise; Eriksson, Johan G.; Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge; Esmaeili, Ali; España-Romero, Vanesa; Evans, Alun; Evans, Roger G.; Faeh, David; Fagherazzi, Guy; Fahimfar, Noushin; Fakhradiyev, Ildar; Fakhretdinova, Albina A.; Fall, Caroline H.; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Farjam, Mojtaba; Farrugia Sant’Angelo, Victoria; Farzi, Yosef; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Fawwad, Asher; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Felder-Puig, Rosemarie; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.; Ferguson, Trevor S.; Fernandes, Romulo A.; Fernández-Bergés, Daniel; Fernando, Desha R.; Ferrand, Rashida A.; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrao, Thomas; Ferrari, Gerson; Ferrari, Marika; Ferrario, Marco M.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Ferrer, Eldridge; Ferrieres, Jean; Figueiró, Thamara Hubler; Fijalkowska, Anna; Fisberg, Mauro; Fischer, Krista; Fofana, Malang N.; Forsner, Maria; Fottrell, Edward F.; Fouad, Heba M.; Francis, Damian K.; Franco, Maria do Carmo; Fras, Zlatko; Fraser, Brooklyn; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D.; Fuchs, Sandra C.; Fujita, Yuki; Fumihiko, Matsuda; Furdela, Viktoriya; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Gafarov, Lutfi; Gafencu, Mihai; Galcheva, Sonya V.; Galenkamp, Henrike; Galeone, Daniela; Galfo, Myriam; Galvano, Fabio; Gao, Jingli; Garabwan, Chandalene; García-Corada, Natalia; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli; García Solano, Marta; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P.; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Gauthier, Victoria; Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gazzinelli, Andrea; Gehring, Ulrike; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; George, Ronnie; Gerdts, Eva; Gezawa, Ibrahim D.; Ghaderi, Ebrahim; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghanbari, Ali; Ghasemi, Asghar; Ghasemi, Erfan; Ghattas, Hala; Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Gieger, Christian; Gill, Tiffany K.; Ginindza, Ntombifuthi; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Gironella, Glen; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Glushkova, Natalya; Godara, Ramesh; Godfrey, Keith M.; Godos, Justyna; Gogen, Sibel; Goldberg, Marcel; Goltzman, David; Gómez, Georgina; Gomez, Luis F.; Gómez, Santiago F.; Gomula, Aleksandra; Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna; Gonçalves, Helen; Gonçalves, Mauer; González-Alvarez, Ana D.; Gonzalez-Chica, David A.; González-Gil, Esther M.; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; González-Leon, Margot; González-Rivas, Juan P.; Gonzalez, Angel R.; Gottrand, Frederic; Graça, Antonio Pedro; Grafnetter, Dušan; Grajda, Aneta; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Grant, Andriene; Gregor, Ronald D.; Gregório, Maria João; Grimsgaard, Anne Sameline; Grøholt, Else Karin; Grøntved, Anders; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gu, Dongfeng; Guajardo, Viviana; Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela; Guallar-Castillón, Pilar; Gudmundsson, Elias F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerchet, Maëlenn; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L.; Gujral, Unjali P.; Gulliford, Martin C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc J.; Guo, Xiu-Hua; Guo, Yin; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Preeti; Gupta, Rajeev; Gureje, Oye; Gurinović, Mirjana A.; Gutiérrez González, Enrique; Gutzwiller, Felix; Guxens, Mònica; Gwee, Xinyi; Ha, Seongjun; Hadaegh, Farzad; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A.; Haghshenas, Rosa; Hagverdiyev, Gahraman; Hakimi, Hamid; Halkjær, Jytte; Hallaq, Sameh S.; Hambleton, Ian R.; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Hange, Dominique; Hanif, Abu A. M.; Hantunen, Sari; Hao, Jie; Hardman, Carla Menêses; Hardy, Louise; Harmer Lassen, Tina; Harooni, Javad; Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad; Hasheminia, Mitra; Hassapidou, Maria; Hata, Jun; Haugsgjerd, Teresa; Hayashi, Chika; Hayes, Alison J.; He, Jiang; He, Yuan; He, Yuna; Hedayati, Mehdi; Heidinger-Felső, Regina; Heier, Margit; Heinen, Mirjam; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; Henrique, Rafael dos Santos; Henriques, Ana; Hernandez Cadena, Leticia; Herrala, Sauli; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Herrera, Victor M.; Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle; Herzig, Karl-Heinz; Heshmat, Ramin; Heude, Barbara; Hill, Allan G.; Ho, Sai Yin; Hobbs, Michael; Höfelmann, Doroteia A.; Holdsworth, Michelle; Homayounfar, Reza; Homs, Clara; Hoogendijk, Emiel O.; Hopman, Wilma M.; Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R.; Hormiga, Claudia M.; Horta, Bernardo L.; Hosseinpanah, Farhad; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Htay, Thein Thein; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, José María; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Huiart, Laetitia; Huidumac Petrescu, Constanta; Huisman, Martijn; Husseini, Abdullatif S.; Huu, Chinh Nguyen; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Hyska, Jolanda; Iacoviello, Licia; Iakupova, Ellina M.; Ibarluzea, Jesús M.; Ibrahim Wong, Norazizah; Igland, Jannicke; Ijoma, Chinwuba; Ikerdeu, Edolem; Ikram, M. Arfan.; Iñiguez, Carmen; Iotova, Violeta; Ipil, Maybelline Joy B.; Irazola, Vilma E.; Ishida, Takafumi; Isiguzo, Godsent C.; Islam, Muhammad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islek, Duygu; Ivanova-Pandourska, Ivaila Y.; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jääskeläinen, Tuija; Jackson, Rod T.; Jacobs, Jeremy M.; Jadoul, Michel; Jafar, Tazeen H.; James, Kenneth; Jamrozik, Konrad; Jan, Nataša; Jansson, Anna; Janszky, Imre; Janus, Edward; Jarani, Juel; Jarnig, Gerald; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelaković, Ana; Jelaković, Bojan; Jennings, Garry; Jibo, A. M.; Jimenez, Ramon O.; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Joffres, Michel; Jokelainen, Jari J.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jøran Kjerpeseth, Lars; Jørgensen, Torben; Joshi, Rohina; Josipović, Josipa; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jousilahti, Pekka; Jóźwiak, Jacek J.; Judge, Debra S.; Juolevi, Anne; Jurak, Gregor; Jurca Simina, Iulia; Juresa, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kaartinen, Niina E.; Kaducu, Felix O.; Kadvan, Agnes L.; Kafatos, Anthony; Kafyra, Maria; Kaj, Mónika; Kajantie, Eero O.; Kakani, Sree Ramakrishna; Kakuhikire, Bernard; Kakutia, Natia; Kállayová, Daniela; Kalmatayeva, Zhanna; Kalpourtzi, Natasa; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kameli, Yves; Kanala, Kodanda R.; Kannan, Srinivasan; Kapantais, Efthymios; Kapustina, Anna; Karaglani, Eva; Kårhus, Line L.; Karki, Khem B.; Karlsson, Omat; Kassi Anicet, Adoubi; Katchunga, Philippe B.; Katibeh, Marzieh; Katulanda, Prasad; Katz, Joanne; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Kauhanen, Jussi; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.; Kaze, François F.; Kazembe, Benson M.; Ke, Calvin; Ke, Youzhi; Keil, Ulrich; Keinan Boker, Lital; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M.; Kelishadi, Roya; Kelleher, Cecily; Kemper, Han C. G.; Keramati, Maryam; Kersting, Mathilde; Kgosiemang, Bobby; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalagi, Kazem; Khaledifar, Arsalan; Khalili, Davood; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khorosheva, Irina V.; Khosravi Farsani, Alireza; Khouw, Ilse M. S. L.; Khwaja Mir Islam, Saeed; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kindblom, Jenny M.; Klakk, Heidi; Klanarong, Suntara; Klanova, Jana; Klimek, Magdalena; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Kobel, Susanne; Kochman, Maciej; Koirala, Bhawesh; Koirala, Sweta; Kolle, Elin; Kolo, Sanda M.; Kolsteren, Patrick; König, Jürgen; Koponen, Päivikki; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Korzycka, Magdalena; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Koussoh Simone, Malik; Kovács, Éva; Kovacs, Viktoria Anna; Kovalskys, Irina; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratenova, Jana; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kriaucioniene, Vilma; Kriemler, Susi; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krizan, Helena; Kroker-Lobos, Maria F.; Krokstad, Steinar; Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S.; Kruger, Ruan; Kryst, Łukasz; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M.; Kujundzic, Enisa; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran; Kumapley, Richard; Kumar, R. Krishna; Kumari, Meena; Kunešová, Marie; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.; Kutsenko, Vladimir; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; La, Quang Ngoc; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Labadarios, Demetre; Labayen, Idoia; Lachat, Carl; Lackner, Karl J.; Lahti, Jouni; Lai, Daphne; Lai, Wai Kent; Laid, Youcef; Lall, Lachmie; Lamoureux, Ecosse L.; Landaeta Jimenez, Maritza; Landais, Edwige; Langsted, Anne; Lankila, Tiina; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Lateva, Mina P.; Latt, Tint Swe; Laurenzi, Martino; Lazo-Porras, María; Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle; Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh; Le Port, Agnès; Le, Tuyen D.; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Paul H.; Lehtimäki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Leon, David A.; Leong, Elvynna; Lertxundi, Aitana; Lertxundi, Nerea; Leskošek, Branimir; Leszczak, Justyna; Leth-Møller, Katja B.; Leung, Gabriel M.; Levälahti, Esko; Levushkin, Sergey P.; Li, Yanping; Liivak, Merike; Lilly, Christa L.; Lim, Charlie; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, Maria Fernanda; Lin, Yi-Jing; Lind, Lars; Lingam, Vijaya; Linkohr, Birgit; Linneberg, Allan; Linseisen, Jakob; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Liu, Jing; Liu, Lijuan; Liu, Liping; Liu, Xiaotian; Liu, Yang; Llop, Sabrina; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Loit, Helle-Mai; Lokubalasooriya, Ayesha; Long, Khuong Quynh; Lopes, Carla; Lopes, Luis; Lopes, Marcus V. V.; Lopes, Oscar; Lopez-Garcia, Esther; López-Gil, José Francisco; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano-Alonso, José-Eugenio; Lozano-Berges, Gabriel; Lukrafka, Janice L.; Luksiene, Dalia; Luna, María Delia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lunet, Nuno; Lunogelo, Charles; Lustigová, Michala; Łuszczki, Edyta; M’Buyamba-Kabangu, Jean-René; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Jun; Ma, Xu; Machado-Coelho, George L. L.; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Macia, Enguerran; Macieira, Luisa M.; Madar, Ahmed A.; Madraisau, Sherilynn; Madsen, Anja L; Maestre, Gladys E.; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J.; Magriplis, Emmanuella; Mahasampath, Gowri; Maire, Bernard; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Mäki, Päivi; Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Malisoux, Laurent; Malyutina, Sofia K.; Maniego, Lynell V.; Manios, Yannis; Mann, Jim I.; Männistö, Satu; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Manyanga, Taru; Manzato, Enzo; Mapatano, Mala Ali; Marcil, Anie; Mardones, Francisco; Margozzini, Paula; Mariño, Joany; Marinović Glavić, Mihaela; Markaki, Anastasia; Markey, Oonagh; Markic, Josko; Markidou Ioannidou, Eliza; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Marques, Larissa Pruner; Marrugat, Jaume; Martens, Dries; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Martin, Rosemarie; Martinez-Tellez, Borja; Martínez-Vizcaíno, Vicente; Martorell, Reynaldo; Martos, Eva; Maruf, Fatai A.; Maruszczak, Katharina; Marventano, Stefano; Masala, Giovanna; Mascarenhas, Luis P.; Masimango Imani, Mannix; Masinaei, Masoud; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Mathur, Prashant; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matłosz, Piotr; Matsha, Tandi E.; Matsudo, Victor; Matteo, Giletta; Maulik, Pallab K.; Mavrogianni, Christina; Mazur, Artur; Mba, Camille M.; McFarlane, Shelly R.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; McGee, Keeley; McKee, Martin; McLean, Rachael M.; McLean, Scott B.; McNulty, Breige A.; Mediene Benchekor, Sounnia; Medzioniene, Jurate; Mehlig, Kirsten; Mehra, Vrinda; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Meisfjord, Jørgen; Meisinger, Christine; Melgarejo, Jesus D.; Melkumova, Marina; Mello, Júlio B.; Mendes, Sofia; Méndez, Fabián; Mendivil, Carlos O.; Menezes, Ana Maria B.; Menon, Geetha R.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Menzano, Maria Teresa; Meshram, Indrapal I.; Meto, Diane T.; Meyer, Haakon E.; Mi, Jie; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Michels, Nathalie; Mikkel, Kairit; Milešević, Jelena P.; Miller, Jody C.; Milushkina, Olga; Minderico, Cláudia S.; Mini, G. 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Goya; Wareham, Nicholas; Wartha, Olivia; Weber, Adelheid; Webster-Kerr, Karen; Wedderkopp, Niels; Weghuber, Daniel; Wei, Li; Wei, Wenbin; Weres, Aneta; Werner, Bo; Westbury, Leo D.; Whincup, Peter H.; Wichstrøm, Lars; Wickramasinghe, Kremlin; Widhalm, Kurt; Widyahening, Indah S.; Więcek, Andrzej; Wijemunige, Nilmini; Wild, Philipp S.; Wilks, Rainford J.; Willeit, Johann; Willeit, Karin; Willeit, Peter; Williams, Julianne; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wirth, James P.; Wiśniowska-Szurlej, Agnieszka; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Woldeyohannes, Meseret; Wolf, Kathrin; Wong-McClure, Roy A.; Wong, Andrew; Wong, Emily B.; Wong, Jyh Eiin; Woodward, Mark; Woźniak, Agnieszka E.; Wu, Frederick C.; Wu, Hon-Yen; Wu, Jianfeng; Wu, Li Juan; Wu, Shouling; Wyszyńska, Justyna; Xu, Haiquan; Xu, Liang; Xue, Can Can; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Yamborisut, Uruwan; Yan, Li; Yan, Lily D.; Yan, Weili; Yang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoguang; Yang, Yang; Yardim, Nazan; Yeh, Chao-Yu; Yépez García, Martha; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K.; Yngve, Agneta; Yogal, Chandra Mandil; Yoosefi, Moein; Yoshihara, Akihiro; Yotov, Yoto; You, Qi Sheng; Yu, Yu-Ling; Yu, Yunjiang; Yusof, Safiah Md; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Zaccagni, Luciana; Zafiropulos, Vassilis; Zainuddin, Ahmad A.; Zamani, Farhad; Zambon, Sabina; Zampelas, Antonis; Zamrazilová, Hana; Zapata, Maria Elisa; Zatoński, Tomasz; Zaw, Ko Ko; Zayed, Ayman A.; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Żegleń, Magdalena; Zejglicova, Kristyna; Zeleke, Girum; Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tajana; Zeng, Yi; Zentai, Andrea; Zhang, Bing; Zhang, Luxia; Zhang, Zhen-Yu; Zhao, Dong; Zhao, Ming-Hui; Zhao, Wenhua; Zhecheva, Yanitsa V.; Zheng, Wei; Zholdin, Bekbolat; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Dan; Zhukov, Oleg F.; Zollner-Kiechl, Sophia; Zimmet, Paul; Zins, Marie; Zitt, Emanuel; Zocalo, Yanina; Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio; Zuziak, Monika; Zuziak, Monika; Ezzati, Majid Abstract: Global reporting of obesity is commonly based on comparisons over multiple decades1 and lacks a granular and systematic analysis of its dynamics. We used 4,050 population-based studies with measured height and weight data on 232 million participants to assess the worldwide dynamics of obesity from 1980 to 2024. The rise in obesity decelerated in school-aged children and adolescents throughout the 1990s in many high-income countries, and subsequently plateaued in most at age-standardized prevalences spanning 20 percentage points, from 3–4% for girls in Japan, Denmark and France to 23% for boys in the USA. There were indications of a small decline in obesity in children and adolescents in some high-income western countries (for example, Italy, Portugal and France) since the 2000s. Similar trends were seen in some countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In adults, the rise in obesity slowed down in high-income western countries about a decade after children, followed by a plateau or possibly a small reversal of the rise in some countries (for example, Spain). In most low-income and middle-income countries, the annual absolute change in prevalence has remained stable or increased over time, even though prevalence has surpassed that of high-income countries. These highly varied dynamics suggest that the social, economic and technological trends that influence the availability, affordability and use of different foods may have helped control the rise in obesity in high-income countries, but require policy interventions in low-income and middle-income countries.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Soares Andrade, Carlos Alexandre Mahrouseh, Nour Kovács, Nóra Cuschieri, Sarah Chen-Xu, José Varga, Orsolya https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/147711 2026-06-25T10:20:19Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: National and subnational analysis of self-reported diabetes mellitus and health inequalities in Europe Authors: Soares Andrade, Carlos Alexandre; Mahrouseh, Nour; Kovács, Nóra; Cuschieri, Sarah; Chen-Xu, José; Varga, Orsolya Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been a major public health concern with increased epidemiologic and economic burden in Europe. We aimed to estimate self-reported national and subnational DM prevalence and inequalities in individuals aged 50 years and over in 13 European countries between 2010 and 2019. Microdata were extracted from waves 4 (2010/2011), 5 (2013), 6 (2015), 7 (2017/2018) and 8 (2019) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) database. The analysis was conducted at both national and subnational levels, comprising 13 European countries. Health inequalities were assessed using the gini coefficient (GC) and concentration index (CI). Socioeconomic risk factors were included in the inequality analysis (urbanization, income, and educational level) in addition to multilevel regression model. The prevalence of DM decreased from 11% in wave 4 to 10.6% in wave 8, with the lowest recorded in Switzerland at 5.9% in wave 5 and the highest observed in Czechia at 16.7% in wave 8. DM prevalence varied widely subnationally, ranging from 2.1% in wave 8 Zentralschweiz (Switzerland) to 28.5% in wave 8 in Střední Čechy in Czechia. The GC demonstrated an increase from 21.9% (95% CI 17.0, 24.5) in wave 4 to 22.5% (95% CI 19.4,25.2) in wave 8, with Switzerland exhibiting the highest coefficient in wave 8 [30.1% (95% CI 7.9, 41.7)]. The CIs for income and educational level at national level were consistently low and mostly negative. The education and income CI ranged from [− 0.0182 (95% CI – 0.0242, − 0.0122) to − 0.0010 (95% CI − 0.0021, − 0.0001)] and [− 0.0278 (95% CI − 0.0411, −0.0166) to − 0.0018 (95% CI – 0.0032, – 0.0005)] across waves 4 and 8, respectively. The CI for urbanization displayed both negative and positive values, but most were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Inequalities exist in the self-reported prevalence of DM both nationally and subnationally, with elevated rates observed among individuals with lower educational and income levels. Addressing these significant health inequalities calls for the development of prevention programs and policies by the European countries and subnational regions, specifically tailored to prioritize and support vulnerable groups.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Sant, Desiree’ Cuschieri, Andrea Cuschieri, Sarah https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/147709 2026-06-25T10:05:43Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Are future doctors ready for the post-pandemic obesity surge? A mixed-methods pilot study Authors: Sant, Desiree’; Cuschieri, Andrea; Cuschieri, Sarah Abstract: Obesity is a global epidemic, posing intricate health dilemmas with wide-reaching ramifications. Despite its rising prevalence, obesity often receives inadequate attention in medical training, which is hypothesized to influence obesity management. The study aimed to evaluate medical students’ readiness in addressing obesity, which is especially relevant in a country with significant high obesity rates. A cross-sectional pilot study was carried out by disseminating a mixed-methods anonymous questionnaire among pre-clinical and clinical students studying at the University of Malta. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, while qualitative responses were subject to thematic assessment. One hundred and eighty-nine students were recruited, and the majority expressed dissatisfaction with curricular education on obesity, especially clinical students who reported a perceived lack of essential theoretical and practical skills (82.65%, 95% CI [73.69–89.56]). Less pre-clinical students perceived receiving sufficient education on obesity and obesity management students (33.3% and 43.33%, respectively) compared to their clinical counterparts (67.68% and 53.54% respectively), which highlights a potential curriculum gap. Qualitative analysis revealed discontent with teaching methods and demonstrated the need for a more holistic approach to obesity education. This study highlights an urgent need to integrate holistic and comprehensive obesity education within the medical education curriculum that addresses both theoretical understanding and practical skills.

2026-01-01T00:00:00Z Wyper, Grant M. A. Cuschieri, Sarah Devleesschauwer, Brecht https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/147706 2026-06-25T09:50:34Z 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The plight of the Monaco microstate in the GBD 2023 study Authors: Wyper, Grant M. A.; Cuschieri, Sarah; Devleesschauwer, Brecht Abstract: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023, although invaluable for global health metrics, presents concerning estimates of life expectancy at birth for Monaco. Monaco is a microstate typically synonymous with world-leading levels of life expectancy at birth, with official sources, such as statistics from the Monaco Government and UN reports, consistently placing Monaco's life expectancy among the highest globally. The most recent estimate from the Monegasque Demography Observatory for 2022–24 places life expectancy at birth at 87·0 years; however, GBD estimates are substantially lower, at 80·4 years in 2023. This sizable discrepancy demands immediate attention. [excerpt]

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