https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/7732 2026-04-17T03:23:35Z 2026-04-17T03:23:35Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145378 2026-04-07T13:09:20Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The importance of due diligence procedures on sole traders in local banks Abstract: Sole traders have a relatively less restricted internal system than bigger organizations, which makes them more susceptible to oversight and financial scrutiny. The objective of this research is to explain the need for due diligence procedures on sole traders. Due diligence is perhaps one of the most commonly applied legal requirements, yet its implementation and consequences on small self-employed business owners is often neglected. This study aims to fill that gap and hopes to show how such practices affect the sustainability and credibility of sole traders as well as to the financial wellbeing of the bank. A qualitative method of data collection was used for this study. Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from local banks and regulatory bodies. Thematic analysis of these interviews showed specific patterns regarding the application of due diligence and the challenges encountered in working with sole traders. Due diligence, even when providing greater clarity of risks and ensuring prudent management, appears to hinder sole traders who lack formal documents and basic financial understanding. Custom-tailored due-diligence methodologies can increase inclusive corporate registration and compliant governance structures, as suggested by the study's findings. Description: B.A. (Hons) Criminology(Melit.)

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/145288 2026-04-02T07:55:45Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Money laundering in the football industry through the transfer market Abstract: This dissertation explores the implementation and efficacy of AML regulations within the context of football player transfers in Malta. With increasing global attention on the financial integrity of the sports industry, this research investigates how Maltese football clubs and authorities adhere to AML requirements and the challenges they face in ensuring compliance. Opposed to the majority of the research conducted within the criminological framework, this study utilises a qualitative research approach, with semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders, including regulatory officials and club representatives. The results indicate that while a foundational understanding of AML principles exists, there is a lack of uniformity in implementation, insufficient training, and limited proactive efforts to mitigate money laundering risks. The study concludes by recommending targeted policy changes, improved educational initiatives, and stronger collaboration between clubs and national regulatory bodies. These insights aim to contribute to the development of a more robust AML framework tailored to the specific needs of the football industry in Malta. Description: B.A. (Hons) Criminology(Melit.)

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/141934 2025-12-04T11:15:45Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Sentencing in Maltese courts : a gender based analysis Abstract: This thesis is set to explore whether discrepancies exist between male and female offenders who appear in front of the Court of Magistrates (Criminal Judicature) and to explore the reasons why this occurs. Another aim of this study is to identify which types of crimes are mostly committed by females in Malta and whether aggravating factors and/or mitigating factors as well as sympathetic life circumstances can influence the type of sentence meted out. In order to answer the research questions a comparison and analysis between similar crimes committed by females and males was performed. The theoretical framework used in this research is that of the Focal Concerns Theory which attributes the more lenient sentences received by female offenders to the fact that the judiciary see female offenders as less blameworthy, less dangerous to society and to practical constraints both on an individual level as well as on a logistical level. The other theory to be tested is the Paternalism/Chivalry Theory which states that the judiciary views female offenders as naïve and therefore in need to protection. Hence they are meted out lenient sentences. This theory also includes the Evil Woman Hypothesis which states that when female offenders commit a crime which is usually perpetrated by males, the female offender will be met with harsher penalties because she is breaking the law and most importantly, she is going against socially accepted gender norms. The research method used in this thesis is that of a Mixed Methods approach. The quantitative research method consisted of gathering data of female offenders who were found guilty of a crime from criminal court sentences published online from the year 2005 to the year 2020. Subsequently the crimes were compared with similar crimes committed by males in the years 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. The factual information gathered through the quantitative approach helped in formulating the semi-structured interview guide which was used to interview ten professionals working/or used to work in the criminal justice field. A thematic analysis was used as a qualitative research method to place the author in a better position to answer the research questions while portraying exactly the participants’ opinions and experiences on the subject matter. The results of the quantitative approach clearly showed that there are gender discrepancies in Maltese criminal sentencing. Other results include the facts that Females are associated with Assault, Financial crimes, Sexual offenses, and Threats and that Assault is more common among EU and Non-EU Females and that Females are consistently associated with non-incarceration sentences, while males are associated with incarceration sentences. Different themes emerged after an in-depth analysis of the information gathered from participants; Female Offenders’ Demeanor in Court; Societal Views and Gender Stereotypes influencing the Criminal Court’s View of Female Offenders; the Validity of the Evil Woman Hypothesis, Sentencing Practice Outcomes between Male and Female Magistrates and finally the Introduction of Sentencing Guidelines in the Maltese Criminal Court Context. This research highlights the importance of the introduction of sentencing guidelines in the Maltese Criminal Court system. Another policy recommendation is to provide training in relation to stereotypical attitudes to the Judiciary. Description: Ph.D.(Melit.)

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/141233 2025-11-13T10:13:21Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Perspectives on 3D scanning and reconstruction : implications for crime scene investigations and courtroom evidence Abstract: This dissertation explores the integration of three-dimensional scanning technologies, specifically LiDAR and photogrammetry, within forensic investigations and courtroom procedures in Malta. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews with four main stakeholders from the criminology and legal sectors, the study uncovers the transformative and innovative potential of 3D modeling, enhancing crime scene documentation, evidence study and courtroom presentation. Participants identified the immersive nature of such technologies as incredibly valuable for jurors enhanced comprehension and preserving environments and pieces of evidence over time. However, in the course of the research several challenges and drawbacks were also presented during the research; for example concerns over technical reliability, high implementation and maintenance costs, technical or environmental limitations and susceptibility to bias and interpretation. Additionally, institutional barriers, such as insufficient infrastructure or unequipped courts, absence of standardised protocols and cultural resistance, pose significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of 3D technology in courts of law. Despite these limitations, stakeholders expressed strong support and positive experiences, emphasising the need of regulatory standards and adequate institutional development. Findings suggested that while 3D scanning holds a great potential to revolutionise forensic practices, its success inevitably depends on institutional support and legal clarity. The research concludes by recommending actions for future action, including the development of national guidelines, investment in courtroom spaces and technologies and broader interdisciplinary studies on the topic to support the implementation of these tools within the criminal justice system. Description: B.A. (Hons) Criminology(Melit.)

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z