https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/82300 2026-04-23T05:28:19Z 2026-04-23T05:28:19Z Wisniewski, Michal https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/85387 2021-12-09T08:22:27Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The role of integral model of critical infrastructure safety in industry 4.0 Authors: Wisniewski, Michal Abstract: Purpose: This paper aims to create a dedicated tool for managing the level of availability of services delivered by critical infrastructure (CI) facilities, which will affect the Sustainable Development Goals. The paper established a link between sustainability, Industry 4.0, and critical infrastructure. The literature analysis has indicated that the security of Industry 4.0 is discussed almost exclusively in the perspective of cyber security. Design/Methodology/Approach: Verification of the tool was carried out based on simulations and computational experience using data PKN ORLEN Refinery Inc. Findings: As a result of the work carried out, an Integral Model of Critical Infrastructure Safety (IMCIS) was obtained, which allows us to present CI's current characteristics. It was established that the canon of characterization of CI objects consists of a set of resources, a set of functionalities, a set of threats, a set of safeguards, a set of threat dependencies, and a set of dependencies of objects recognized as CI. Practical Implications: A universal application of the IMCIS is to estimate the level of risk before and after implementing safeguards and generating adverse event scenarios. The identified threats are the decision-making areas of the decision problem, whose solution is indicated by a set of safeguards reducing the risk level to an acceptable level. Originality/Value: The solution can be used to identify a set of safeguards that, on the one hand, will reduce the cost of the business operator to a minimum and, on the other hand, achieve the required level of availability of CI functionality. In addition, IMCIS allows analyzing all threats that may affect the infrastructure of Industry 4.0, taking into account many independent decision-making centers.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Kurowski, Mateusz Huk, Katarzyna https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/85386 2021-12-09T08:21:54Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Corporate social responsibility and the mining industry : areas of use and opportunities to reduce the negative effects of activity Authors: Kurowski, Mateusz; Huk, Katarzyna Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the level of CSR in mining industry comparing to various sectors of the economy and to indicate the differences of CSR performance in mining companies resulting from their geographical location and size. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is based on the literature review and statistical analysis of data derived from CSR ratings. Findings: Research showed that mining industry represents relatively high level of social responsibility. According to regional analysis European entities were awarded with the highest grades in most of indicators while Japanese companies obtained considerably lower results than other regions. Practical Implications: Although, there was no significant differentiation in the level of CSR in the mining sector resulting from the size of the company, the smallest entities performed considerably worse than other groups in all environmental and social indicators. Originality/Value: The presented research shows the degree of use of the CSR concept in the mining industry and the possibilities of improving the company's operations in accordance with sustainable development.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Danilowska, Alina https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/85385 2026-01-09T07:35:35Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: The impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the credit market in Poland Authors: Danilowska, Alina Abstract: Purpose: The paper aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the credit market in Poland. Design/Methodology/Approach: The evaluation of the outcomes of the pandemic on different segments of the credit market in Poland. Findings: The pandemic of COVID-19 had a significant impact on the credit market in Poland. The rise in risk in the economy due to pandemic restrictions on economic activity prompted commercial banks to tighten their lending standards and terms. Demand for credits was affected by the drop in investment and the negative future expectations of economic agents. The central bank eased its monetary policy considerably at the beginning of the pandemic, what with the parallel decrease in credit demand caused the gradual fall in interest rates. Although hugely lower interest rates, the value of credits financing activity of enterprises and households’ consumption remained below the 2019-year level. What is worth noting, except for the first months of the pandemic, the trends in the value of the new corporate and consumption credits were like trends in the previous year. In the period December 2019 to the end of January 2021, the debt of non-financial agents in total increased by approximately 0.9%. However, it stemmed only from the growth of debt from real estate credits. The debt due to the other credits decreased. The highest drop occurred in the micro-enterprise sector. Practical Implications: Assessment of the response of credit market participants, banks and borrowers in the main segments of the credit market to challenges the economy faces due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/Value: To identify and evaluate the effects of the pandemic on the credit market in Poland, the analysis of monthly data was carried out.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z Ziolkowska, Boguslawa https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/85384 2021-12-09T08:20:23Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Managing the age diversity of employees as a remedy for the aging of the society from an intergenerational perspective Authors: Ziolkowska, Boguslawa Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the article was to get to know the views on the issues related to "age management" and to indicate the similarities and differences in the opinions of distant age groups in the field of interpretation of the concept of "age management", motivations delaying reaching retirement age, benefits resulting from the implementation of the concept of "age management" for the employer and employee, conditions that should exist for "age management" to bring positive effects and select the greatest beneficiaries of this concept. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study included people in retirement age and adolescents who have not yet finished their education. These are groups of people whose views on age management are poorly understood, but can be the key to understanding and reaching intergenerational agreement in the workplace. Findings: The current and projected demographic changes pose a new challenge for employers in the field of human resource management and cannot be ignored. In fact, this is a double challenge as it means attracting young talent while retaining older workers who have already reached retirement age. People participating in the labour market represent different generations, differing in values, expectations and motivation to work. Practical implications: Human potential of different ages, with appropriate shaping of employees' attitudes towards the problems of aging, which is a natural process, can combine the bravado and creativity of younger staff with the experience and accuracy of older employees. Sustainable management in this area may translate into greater job satisfaction, and thus, increase the efficiency of the organization and shape their social responsibility. Originality/Value: A critical analysis of the research literature and research results related to the management of age diversity allowed to answer research questions on age management. The stereotypes related to the employment of older people were reviewed, the benefits of understanding and implementing the concept of age management were indicated, and situations in which understanding and implementing the concept of age management can bring positive results were indicated.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z