https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/8844 2026-11-02T01:33:37Z 2026-11-02T01:33:37Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/150466 2026-10-26T12:41:56Z 1999-12-05T00:00:00Z

Title: Carl Grunenberg : Inġienier militari Abstract: Artiklu storiku minn Vincent Zammit dwar l-inġinier militari Carl Grunenberg u l-kontribut tiegħu għas-sistemi difensivi tal-Ordni ta' San Ġwann f'Malta fis-seklu 17.

1999-12-05T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/150398 2026-10-23T11:17:23Z 2023-03-26T00:00:00Z

Title: The Victoria Lines, from conception to demise, What future? Abstract: A historical feature article by Ray Cachia Zammit examining the planning, construction, operational decline, and future preservation prospects of Malta's 19th-century Victoria Lines fortifications built by the British military.

2023-03-26T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/147932 2026-07-09T08:45:38Z 2021-03-25T00:00:00Z

Title: Knights' era fortification elements merged with the Victoria Lines Abstract: Ray Cachia Zammit explains how the British military integrated 18th century fortifications built by the Knights of St John into the Victoria Lines defensive network along Malta's Great Fault. The article highlights how existing Knights era entrenchments at Naxxar Gap and Falka Gap were adapted to reinforce strategic roadways, a military strategy that evolved through World War II with the addition of concrete pillboxes.

2021-03-25T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143469 2026-02-05T10:38:28Z 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Victoria Lines - fortifikazzjonijiet ingliżi li ma ntużawx fil-gwerra Abstract: Il-Victoria Lines huma sistema ta’ fortifikazzjonijiet militari mibnija mill-Ingliżi li litteralment jaqsmu l-gżira ta’ Malta fi tnejn. Din is-sistema, li hija twila madwar 12-il kilometru, tibda mill-inħawi tal-Kunċizzjoni u Fomm ir-Riħ u tibqa’ sejra saż-żona tal-Madliena u Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq. Il-proġett jikkonsisti prinċipalment f’erba’ fortizzi ewlenin—f’Bingemma, il-Mosta, il-Madliena, u Pembroke—kif ukoll numru ta’ batteriji għall-kanuni u ħitan li s-suldati setgħu jistkennu warajhom waqt xi attakk. Ix-xogħol fuq din id-difiża beda fl-1874 bil-bini tal-fortizza ta’ Bingemma, u ħa madwar 29 sena biex tlesta s-sistema kollha. Minħabba l-avvanzi mgħaġġla fl-armi matul dan il-perjodu, il-Victoria Lines saru inqas effiċjenti f'każ ta' invażjoni sa meta tlestew, u huwa dokumentat li qatt ma ntużaw f’xi gwerra.

2013-01-01T00:00:00Z