https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/106143 2026-06-19T19:15:04Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/106963 Title: Data science in decision-making processes : a scientometric analysis Authors: Gryncewicz, Wieslawa; Sitarska-Buba, Monika Abstract: PURPOSE: The article concludes on the importance of scientometric analysis to present research areas and directions in data science in order to support decision-making process.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Scientometric analysis.; FINDINGS: Article is part of scientometric research performed by authors that results in series of two separate papers. The first one described leading researchers and their area of interest who provide significant input into data science development. The current article quantitatively characterizes the literature thematically related to data science issues, particularly in decision-making processes. The scientometric method was used for data content analysis. The Scopus database was chosen as a source database to perform scientometric analysis. The authors identified core business areas where data science tools have been used in decision-making processes. It is also worth noting the correlation between domain areas and funding sources.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Executing scientific analysis can help to identify research directions in data science area.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: In our study, we showed that a significant increase in the number of scientific articles in the medical field is directly dependent on research funding institutions. The quantitative characteristics and evolution of keywords, which were the subject of the publications, are also presented. Research directions and their evolution over the years are as well indicated. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/106959 Title: The scope of exercising public authority in the context of state (treasury) liability for vaccinations against COVID-19 Authors: Banaszczyk, Zbigniew Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of attributing liability to the State (State Treasury) for damages suffered by individuals who undergo voluntary vaccination against COVID-19, introduced in Poland from December 2020.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The author employs a dogmatic method, analyzing the potential liability of the State on the assumption that there is currently no possibility to make a binding determination that the public authority's action in this regard can be judged as unlawful.; FINDINGS: With this assumption in mind, the study shows that the Polish Civil Code provisions make State liability possible only if it is established that the actions of public authorities are peremptory in nature. It then becomes possible to apply Article 4172 of the Civil Code, which constitues the liability of public authorities based on the principle of equity for the so-called legal damages.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Conclusions can be applied in lawsuits in the event of vaccineinduced damages.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The issue of tort liability for non-mandatory vaccinations, but administered by the State, has not been more widely analyzed by the Polish legislation so far. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/106946 Title: The commander-in-chief* in the command-and-control system according to Polish regulations and de lege ferenda postulates Authors: Kołodziejczak, Malwina Ewa Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the research is to characterize the role and position of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the Republic of Poland in command-and-control system, including the appointment procedure and functioning afterwards.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: During research the author uses the method of legal and comparative analysis, and structural and functional analysis, as well as the method of synthesis, deduction, and reduction. However, the method of interpretation is also important, which make it possible to interpret legal. Due to the nature of the topic, the author uses elements of the concept - descriptive and improving, functional and modelling as well as diagnostic and functional.; FINDINGS: The main hypothesis refers to the assumption that the role and place of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the Republic of Poland is regulated to a limited extent, because the current legal provisions do not treat this matter in a comprehensive manner. The result is doubts as well as existing gaps in the law (both extra legem and intra legem). The Commander-in-Chief should take and play the leading role and place. Therefore, considering experience of other states and the available tools and means, considering the changes at the constitutional level, the assumption was made that the President of the Republic of Poland should be Commander-in-Chief.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In this paper the author describes contingencies that may give rise to the appointment of the Commander-in-Chief and analyses the provisions of the Commanderin-Chief’s functioning in peacetime and in wartime and presents some hypothetic solutions.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Politicians, decision-makers and academics have been discussing the role of the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces in Poland for several years. Currently, efforts are underway to develop and implement new comprehensive legal basis for position and role of the Commander-in-Chief and to streamline the existing regulations through the amendments of relevant legal acts. In this context, it is pertinent to reflect on the role that the Commander-in-Chief would play during a war or under martial law as well as in the case of acts of terrorism and cybersecurity threats. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/106936 Title: Model of the national security system : selected problems Authors: Kitler, Waldemar Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the article is to present the knowledge about the concept and organization of the national security system, to define the directions of its development and to present a model that would correspond to contemporary security conditions in its most important area, which is to ensure conditions of existence and national development free of any disturbances to oppose these disturbances and their consequences.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: In studies, to a different extent and depending on the approach, the research models used in social sciences were used, that is the model of empirical theory, which assumes that all knowledge comes from experience and is associated with the description of relationships between empirical events, the model of the axiomatized theory, based on making bold hypotheses, axioms and theorems, the model of informal (practical) theory based on common knowledge, and the model of eclectic theory, in which various ways of knowing are used: scientific knowledge, empirical laws, hypotheses and possibly common knowledge. The last of the above methods, as the integration of the first three, found the widest application in the course of research.; FINDINGS: The main hypothesis is that the organization of national security is dispersed both vertically and horizontally, and this situation causes difficulties in the efficient functioning of the state in times of peace, crisis and war. There are many safety-related systems at all levels of the state organization. Each of them has its own legal regulations, tasks and subordination.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The author's research is illustrative material in the field of formulating organizational assumptions in the field of national security and is an interpretation of knowledge that will be used in the practice of the activities of state organs.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The author's research concerns the organization of the state to ensure security in various states and circumstances of the state's functioning. It is a presentation of the model of the national security system, which, when viewed from the inside, is a set of integrated elements designed to carry out specific tasks, and when viewed from the outside, it is a whole, capable of ensuring security in the most complex circumstances. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z