https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/109369 2026-04-20T01:21:28Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/109792 Title: Related statistical anomalies in the determination of royalty rates : comments on the problem Authors: Jankiewicz, Sławomir; Sobków, Robert; Wojcieszak, Łukasz Abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims at synthesising the impact of the human factor on the occurrence of statistical anomalies in the distribution of the incidence of royalty rates in license contracts. As a research basis for our study we have used the results of two empirical studies on royalty rates in contracts.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The methods used to value intangible rights for licensing purposes should theoretically ensure objectivity. As a result, the analysis of statistical data on the frequency of royalty percentages should provide information on the profitability of licensing specific rights, both in the industry studied and in the economy as a whole. However, statistics of actual royalty rates show an above-average use of some percentage rates (e.g., 5%, 10%) against a relatively low representation of others.; FINDINGS: This paper points to the human factor as the cause of the anomalies found. This influence manifests itself in arbitrary decision-making without economic justification in the valuation process, as well as in the negotiation of royalty rates. The arbitrariness of valuation experts and negotiators, as indicated in the paper, manifests itself primarily in a tendency to round up and rely on numerical schemes.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The research we have carried out can contribute to analyses covering the broad spectrum of human factor influences in the royalty valuation and negotiation process.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Analysis of the fee for services on statistical anomalies in determining Royalty Rates. The human factor was indicated as the source of these anomalies. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/109791 Title: On emotion detection and recognition using a context-aware approach by social robots : modification of faster R-CNN and YOLO v3 neural networks Authors: Probierz, Eryka Abstract: PURPOSE: This paper points out that it is not sufficient only to analyze the human face, but it is also necessary to know the context. This allows for a more accurate classification of emotions, and thus a more appropriate match between the robot’s behavior and the social situation in which it finds itself.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Proper situation assessment through a social robot is a fundamental and necessary skill at this point. In order for such an evaluation to be correct, it is necessary to distinguish certain criteria whose fulfillment can be responsible for the robot’s better understanding of human intentions. One such criterion is the identification of the interlocutor’s emotions. For the analysis, Emotic image database has been used, whose unique character allows to identify 26 emotions, understood as discrete categories. This database is constructed in such a way that it allows to detect emotions from both the face or posture of a person, as well as from the context that occurs in the picture.; FINDINGS: The models chosen to solve the problem are Faster R-CNN and YOLO3 networks. In this paper a two-stage analysis is presented. Originally with no changes in the network structure along with the measurement efficiency. And then, as a next step, modifications to the aforementioned neural networks were proposed by introducing the possibility of an internal classifier that allowed for more satisfactory results.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The analyzed solutions allow implementation in social robots due to the speed of operation, but show some hardware requirements. Nevertheless, they are an important support for social robots in social situations and have a chance to be the next step to their dissemination in everyday life.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Emotion detection and recognition is an essential part of the humanrobot relationship. Proper recognition increases the acceptance of robots by humans. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/109790 Title: Regional management of funds for micro-projects implemented by NGOs as a catalyst for economic activity of local communities on the example of the program “Społecznik 2017-2024” Authors: Szymański, Rafał; Rzempała, Joanna; Bretyn, Agnieszka Abstract: PURPOSE: The article seeks to systematize knowledge on the principles of financing microprojects implemented by the NGO sector in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in 2017-2022 on the example of the "Społecznik" program carried out with funds from the budget of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship through a literature review and analysis of available regional reports. The discussion and conclusions elaborate on the topic of NGO financing, with a particular focus on foundations and associations, from the perspective of their importance to strategies for building and strengthening local communities and enhancing regional economies.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: In order to achieve the goal, the following research questions were formulated: 1. Definition of basic terms related to the topic of the article: financing of micro-projects implemented by NGOs 2. What are the reasons why the phenomenon of implementation of grassroots social initiatives is important for the management strategy of NGO financial support? The structure of the article corresponds to the stated objectives. The introduction describes the genesis, research problem and basic definitions related to the phenomenon of grassroots local community initiatives, including micro-projects. A literature review of socioeconomic issues related to types of NGOs, their sources of funding and NGO needs was conducted.; FINDINGS: Micro-project financing under the advance payment system, is an important element in the management of social economy entities in regional economies, hence this choice of keywords.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: NGO’s can influence the local economies in a variety of ways, for instance, by initiating development projects, supporting social entrepreneurship, providing social services, or raising public awareness. Their activities contribute to increasing the potential of the local economy, creating jobs and improving the quality of life of local residents.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The present study is related to Micro-projects implemented under the “Społecznik” Program as an example of how, even the smallest grants with an average value of PLN 5,000, can influence the activity of local small communities. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/109789 Title: Relationship between attitude and online purchase intention of dairy functional foods in Hungary : an extended TAM approach Authors: Mohammad, Mohammad; Szigeti, Orsolya Abstract: PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the determinants of Hungarian customers' attitudes toward dairy functional foods and their online purchase intentions.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research framework employed in this study combines the Technology Acceptance Model, a widely recognized facilitator of internet shopping, with the model proposed by Urala and Lähteenmäki (2007), which suggests that attitudes towards dairy functional foods have a significant impact on consumer behavior and is consistent with the theory of planned behavior. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional analysis using primary data collected from a sample survey of the Hungarian population with 313 valid questionnaires. We used The Partial Least Square method to test the hypothesis and the relationships between the different variables.; FINDINGS: Obtained results show that attitude toward dairy functional foods and perceived usefulness are crucial factors influencing online food purchase intentions. Among these drivers, perceived ease of use has an indirect impact on purchasing intention. However, perceived ease of use has a significant impact on perceived usefulness.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study indicates that grocery retail firms can enhance their online presence in Hungary by understanding the importance of attitudes towards dairy functional foods and their perceived usefulness in influencing online food purchase intentions. Targeted marketing strategies can be developed to improve the online food purchasing experience for customers.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study lies in its use of an extended Technology Acceptance Model approach to examine the factors influencing Hungarian customers' attitudes towards and intention to purchase dairy functional foods online. The study provides practical implications for grocery retail firms seeking to establish an online presence in Hungary and contributes to the literature on consumer behavior and marketing. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z