https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/1125 2026-10-14T23:45:47Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/149986 Title: Malta’s pre-eminent dualist status Authors: Aquilina, Kevin Abstract: Under British rule and prior to European Union (EU) accession, Malta had always been a dualist state, in so far as the relationship between international law and municipal law was concerned. With EU accession, a tinge of monism was introduced into the Maltese legal system in relation to EU regulations and decisions, once these do not require transposition. However, this element of monism cannot be said to have radically transformed Malta into a monist-dualist hybrid state, as the Maltese legal system continues to be primarily dualist in nature and, limitedly only to the case of certain (and not all) EU laws referred to above, monist. Hence, this article sets out to prove the hypothesis that monism is partially embedded within the Maltese legal system with dualism undoubtedly continuing to reign supreme therein. [excerpt] 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/149978 Title: Revisiting the Inquiries Act Abstract: There has lately been reported in the newspapers a public discord between Chief Justice Emeritus Vincent de Gaetano, on the one hand, and the former Prime Minister Joseph Muscat and former justice minister Owen Bonnici, on the other, in relation to the procedure to be followed by the Daphne Caruana Galizia Assassination Board of Inquiry.; The former Chief Justice claims that there was interference on the part of government in how the administrative inquiry was to be conducted but the politicians claim that the matters involved were logistical in nature that did not impinge on the merits of the inquiry. 2026-10-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/149810 Title: KI-Systeme mit allgemeinem Verwendungszweck Authors: Revolidis, Ioannis Abstract: Die Entwicklung und rasante Verbreitung von Großen Sprachmodellen und generativer Künstlicher Intelligenz markieren unzweifelhaft einen bedeutenden Wendepunkt in der Evolution technologischer Systeme. Diese fortschrittlichen KI-Formen transzendieren die Fähigkeiten früherer Generationen nicht nur graduell, sondern leiten einen qualitativen Sprung ein, der neue Horizonte eröffnet und zugleich fundamental neue Herausforderungen mit sich bringt. [Auszug] 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/149807 Title: The strengthened 2022 code of practice on disinformation : continuities and innovations in EU digital regulation Authors: Revolidis, Ioannis Abstract: This article examines the evolution of the European Union's regulatory framework addressing digital disinformation, tracing the trajectory from early safe-harbor models of intermediary liability to the structured, risk-based co-regulation established under the Digital Services Act (DSA). From the vantage point of EU IT law, the central difficulty lies in balancing fundamental rights with the urgent need to mitigate the severe societal harms caused by informational distortions. To contextualise the legal design, the analysis establishes a conceptual taxonomy distinguishing between unintentional misinformation, intentional disinformation, and coordinated influence operations. These distinctions do not serve mere academic dogma; they bear directly on legal design and the calibration of proportionate regulatory interventions.; The paper analyses how the Strengthened 2022 Code of Practice on Disinformation translates the DSA's open-textured systemic-risk obligations into actionable commitments for Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPS) and Search Engines (VLOSES). 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z