OAR@UM Collection:
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/15457
2024-03-29T06:20:16ZThe legitimacy of military intervention for humanitarian purposes
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/103636
Title: The legitimacy of military intervention for humanitarian purposes
Abstract: Coming to a consensus about the current status of humanitarian intervention, is probably impossible task. Currently it is practiced both legally and illegally at the same time. I became interested in this subject due to the current situation and war in Syria, where the unilateral military interventions have been criticized, but also silently approved by many states. Further more, now and in the past, perpetrators of unilateral military intervention are rarely brought to justice. Therefore the question arises if the doctrine of humanitarian intervention in customary law been so infringed that it has become worthless? International community's and most significantly the United Nation's failure to stop the nearly 6 years of massacres in Syria has once again brought the concept of humanitarian intervention to the center of discussion. The UN Security Council was set up in the aftermath of WW2 to guarantee securing international peace for the future generations and to stop similar atrocities being repeated. The humanitarian crises in Syria as disastrous as it has been, has made some even conclude that the Security Council is now torn apart irreplaceably. Not only has the Security Council failed to adopt many of its draft resolutions because of vetoes, but four of the five permanent members of Security Council are themselves involved militarily in Syria in one way or the other. Political divisions over Syria have had tremendous consequences. The Security Council has visibly been unsuccessful fulfilling its basic function, which is the maintenance of international peace and security and also failed to uphold its Responsibility to Protect (R2P) the Syrian people. The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was a global commitment, which was endorsed by all member states of the UN in the 2005 World Summit. Its purpose was to commit to prevention of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. The situation in Syria however, has drearily been called a "failure to protect". The persistent political divisions and failures to come close to any diplomatic and peaceful solutions or even a ceasefire, led to the resignation of Kofi Annan as UN-Arab League Joint Special Envoy for Syrian crises. Annan, a firm supporter of the R2P doctrine, and creator of six-point plan for peace in Syria, announced that he was resigning because of the failure and what he said had become a 'mission impossible'.
Description: LL.M.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZDirective 2014/61/EU on measures to reduce the cost of deploying high-speed electronic communications : a critical analysis of the directive and of its transposition and implementation in Malta
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/73206
Title: Directive 2014/61/EU on measures to reduce the cost of deploying high-speed electronic communications : a critical analysis of the directive and of its transposition and implementation in Malta
Abstract: The foundation of this study bases itself on the Digital Agenda for Europe presented by
the European Commission in 2010, which sets broadband targets of 100% broadband
coverage by 2013 for all Europeans and speeds of 30MBps for all with at least 50% of
the European households subscribing to internet connections above 100MBps by 2020.
Although successful results have been achieved these are a far cry from the established
target goals notwithstanding all the initiatives taken, including EU regulation, as
presented in this study. One of these initiatives was the publication of Directive
2014/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on
measures to reduce the cost of deploying high-speed electronic communications
networks (CoBB). The study carried out a critical analysis of its prescribed measures:
• Access to existing physical infrastructure of all utilities.
• The efficient coordination of civil works.
• Faster, simpler and more transparent permit-granting procedure.
• Equipment of new buildings and major renovations equipped with high-speed
physical infrastructures and access to them, the so-called in-building
infrastructure.
These measures were to be transposed in all the Member States by 1 January 2016 and
implemented at national level by 1July2016. Malta transposed the bulk of these measures
in the Utilities and Services (Regulation of Certain Works) Act, a small part in the
Electronic Communications (Regulation) Act and also issued a set of new regulations -
the In-Building Physical Infrastructure Access to Electronic Communications Services
Regulations. The study analysed the transposition and implementation of CoBB in
Malta. It cannot be ignored that currently a very ambitious overhaul of EU telecoms rules
is taking place in the form of the proposed European Electronic Communications Code
(EECC) and the study also analysed if these p10posals will affect the CoBB.
The study presents recommendations to complement the CoBB Directive and its
implementation, how to increase investments and deployment of high-speed
networks, and future research which should be carried out to verify if results are being
achieved.
Description: M.A.LAW2017-01-01T00:00:00ZMaster of Arts in Financial Services 2017
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/15459
Title: Master of Arts in Financial Services 2017
Abstract: A list of the Master of Arts in Financial Services dissertations submitted in 2017
Description: M.A.FIN.SERVICES2017-01-01T00:00:00Z