https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/32072 2026-04-13T04:01:10Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/24385 Title: A backdrop to Heaney : an outline of Irish political history Abstract: Whenever an author is to be studied in some depth, an understanding of his formative influences is always important, and must necessarily be obtained before the poetry is actually evaluated. It would be, to take a somewhat extreme example, quite difficult to obtain a proper response to Chaucer's poetry unless the medieval mind and the medieval world are first understood. With a poet like Seamus Heaney who uses English as his linguistic vehicle, but whose subjects, expression, and feelings are Irish, it becomes essential to understand his received culture and the mentality generated by his ethnic origin. That which may, for convenience, be called his 'Irishness', has to be comprehended if his poems are, in many cases, to make any sense at all. The problem is by no means simple, for there are, in fact, two Irelands, and Heaney is very much the product of each one separately as he is of the rift that lies between them, of the centuries-old antagonisms that have riven Ireland asunder. It is the present intention to provide a simplified and somewhat selective outline of Irish political history, and since Anglo-Irish strife has been a dominant feature and a shaping force of Irish history, all events prior to its origin shall be ignored; similarly literary influences, which may be traced back to Druidic times, may be tackled in a separate paper. 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/24383 Title: The Maltese economy since 1960 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to give a brief account of the most important changes in the Maltese economy between 1960 and 1984. It will be shown that during this period, major structural changes have taken place and these were mostly related to the expansion of the manufacturing sector and the phasing out of the British forces bases in Malta. It will be shown also the Maltese Gross Domestic Product and other important macroeconomic variables have followed a cyclical pattern of change. 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/24374 Title: Hyphen : Volume 5, Number 5 Editors: Mallia-Milanes, Victor; Scerri, Louis J.; Zammit Ciantar, Joe; Caruana Carabez, Charles Abstract: Hyphen, Volume 5, No. 5 (1988) 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/24373 Title: Contiguita e continuita culturale e linguistica fra Sicilia e Malta in eta prearaba Abstract: This article is concerned about the beginnings of civilization and language in Malta from the Prehistoric time up to the Byzantine rule. 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z