https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/46137 2026-04-27T10:32:35Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/46695 Title: Report on the regional outreach conference on the OSCE code of conduct on politico-military aspects of security for the Southern Mediterranean region Authors: Lutterbeck, Derek; Wohlfeld, Monika Abstract: From 1 to 3 September 2015, at the initiative and with funding from the Ministries of Defence of Switzerland and Germany, and hosted by the Tunisian Republic, a Regional Outreach Conference on the OSCE Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security for the Southern Mediterranean Region was held in Tunis. The outreach conference was organised in partnership with the Geneva Centre for Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and the Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, Malta (MEDAC). The event marked the first ever conference on the OSCE CoC to be held in and at the invitation of a southern Mediterranean country. Description: This document contains the Table of Contents and Annexes, including the Conference Agenda, the list of participants, the Code of Conduct on politico-military aspects of security, and photo inset. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/46546 Title: The Mediterranean and the global strategy Abstract: I commence my address by saying that last time I was in Malta was for the Summit on Migration we had with the African countries one year ago. Today I come here straight from Tunis, actually closer to Malta than Brussels. This is of particular interest as sometimes people tend to think of Malta as the edge of Europe; sometimes the periphery of Europe. Actually in the world of today Malta is rather the gate of Europe, which means also the heart of Europe because in the world we live in, gates and doors are the centre of our systems. It is more about connections than about separate systems. It’s a world with multiple centres: centres for growth, centres for progress, for exchanges among cultures; and there is no doubt that the Mediterranean is one of the key centres of our World. Description: Address delivered at the Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies MEDAC University of Malta, 2nd November, 2016 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/46545 Title: Tightening the EU’s external borders : the impact on Euro-Mediterranean relations Abstract: In the past two years, the EU has been confronted with a massive flow of migrants and refugees across the Eastern and Central Mediterranean. To meet the challenge, various efforts were made to reinforce the Union’s external borders, more precisely those of the Schengen Area. The measures introduced are bound to affect Euro- Mediterranean relations or, as the EU sees it, relations with its southern neighbourhood. As I want to show in this paper, the results are mixed. Border tightening creates some new barriers between the Union and its neighbours but, as the EU soon realized, effective border management, whether on land or at sea, cannot be done alone. It requires some degree of cooperation with countries outside the Union. That can also entail a border opening. Migration policies often cut both ways – greater separation can be accompanied by new forms of proximity. Description: This document contains Notes on Contributors. 2016-09-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/46544 Title: Migrant and refugee law as relates to the maritime regime Authors: Vella De Fremeaux (Mallia), Patricia; Attard, Felicity Abstract: Focal to the backdrop of maritime migration lie individuals attempting to flee war, persecution, or natural disasters as well as those seeking to circumvent migration and border controls, often in an attempt to improve their economic circumstances. In recent months, the European community has been faced with an unprecedented number of migrant arrivals. According to statistics compiled by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,85 more than one million migrants reached Europe in 2015.86 They arrived in the greatest numbers from conflict zones such as Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq, but also from Kosovo, Nigeria and beyond.87 Europe has been struggling to deal with what has been labelled a ‘migration crisis’. As of August 2016, there have been more than 260,000 migrant arrivals by sea,88 nearly twice the number recorded by the same month of last year.89 These individuals are entitled to human rights protection irrespective of their classification as genuine asylum seekers or otherwise. This is the so-called ‘human factor’, encapsulating both human rights and humanitarian principles of protection. 2016-09-01T00:00:00Z