https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/54645 2026-06-11T01:37:14Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/55872 Title: Ethical leadership of supervisors and internal social capital in a financial institution Authors: De Leon, Myra V.; Tubay, Jerwin B. Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this paper is to test empirically if the supervisor’s ethical leadership contributes to the creation of internal social capital. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was administered with 158 rank and file employees from 31 Manila branches of a financial institution. Based on factor analysis, reputation of ethical leadership characterized as a moral person and a moral manager emerged as new constructs. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used. Findings: Findings show that supervisor characterized as being a moral person results to higher willingness of employees to share information and resources in their personal dyadic relationships with supervisor and among employees (structural dimension); increase in employee trust in the long-run fairness of their relationship with the organization and co-employees (relational dimension); and intensification of employees’ identification with the firm (cognitive dimension). An ethical supervisor characterized as a moral manager significantly influences the cognitive and structural dimensions of internal social capital. Practical Implications: The results can give practitioners an idea of the ethical leadership traits observed by rank and file employees. This can have implications for human resource management, particularly superior-subordinate matching and for the process of socialization. In a company and economy that is constantly seeking change-makers and role models, empirical contributions are significant. This study is relevant in proposing strategies that can help management in the creation of social capital as well as contribute to social capital literature and field of business ethics. Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the existing literature by using financial institutions’ employees and in Philippine setting. Previous studies had tested ethical leadership as a whole but this time, the researchers deductively used characteristics of an ethical leader as a moral person and a moral leader. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/55871 Title: Institutional quality and foreign direct investment inflows : evidence from cross-country data with policy implication Authors: Behera, Chinmaya; Bikash Ranjan, Mishra; Biswashree, Tanaya Priyadarsini; Lopamudra, D. Satpathy Abstract: Purpose: The study examines the impact of institutional quality on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows for emerging economies from South Asiain the period 2002-2016. Other economic factors such as globalisation, financial development, and GDP are also considered. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study uses Im-Pesaran-Shin (IPS) panel unit root test to check stationarity property. It uses cross dependency (CD) and cross-sectional augments IPS tests to check cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity across the group countries. Next, it uses panel ARDL-PMG tests to check the existence of long-relationship among variables. Then, we apply the panel Granger causality test to check the direction of causality. Finally, for the robustness of results, we use the Pedroni co-integration technique. Findings: The study finds the existence of a long-run relationship between institutional quality and FDI inflows. Other economic factors such as globalization and financial development show long-run and strong causality with FDI inflows. However, the short-run unidirectional causality from institutional quality to FDI inflows is not found for all the countries. Finally, institutional quality strongly causes FDI inflows provided paired with either globalisation or financial development. Practical Implications: Institutional quality increases the FDI inflows. Therefore, policymakers should focus on institutional quality along with globalization and financial development for higher inflows of FDI in emerging countries. Originality/Value: The study considers institutional quality as one of the inputs for FDI inflows in selected emerging economies from South Asia. Further, it creates an institutional quality index for the emerging countries to examine the impact on FDI inflows. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/55870 Title: Innovative potential in European countries : analytical and legal aspects Authors: Kubiv, S. I.; Bobro, N. S.; Lopushnyak, G. S.; Lenher, Y. I.; Kozhyna, A. Abstract: Purpose: This paper aims to assess the innovation potential of Eastern European economies based on country's ability to export high-tech goods and services, which means innovating beyond the country's needs. Design/Methodology/Approach: We use analytical economic methodology to explore innovative potential of EE (Eastern Europe) countries as correlation-regression analysis. Findings: The study found that the innovative potential of the economy of EE (Eastern Europe) countries depends on the state’s expenditures on innovative research and development, the number of scientists and the level of financing for technical cooperation. Practical Implications: The negative factors that influence the formation of innovative potential are identified. The use of intellectual property rights by EE countries is inefficient and does not ensure the development of innovative potential. Patents for research and development of residents as well as non-residents do not ensure the progress and effectiveness of the innovative potential of the economy. The export of ICT services negatively affects innovative potential, however it is not a significant factor influencing innovative activity. Originality/Value: With this article we show that financing technical cooperation in EE countries does not lead to the development of innovative potential, that is, it is inefficient. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/55867 Title: An appraisal of the impact of international trade on economic growth of India- through the ARDL approach Authors: Raghuramapatruni, Radha; Surya Chaitanya, Reddy V. Abstract: Purpose: The study examines the impact of international trade on economic growth of India by using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) technique. The study further adopts Trade Openness Index to analyze the growing integration of India’s external trade with the outside world. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Test for unit root and Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) cointegration approach which entails the Wald Test, Long run OLS estimation test, Error Correction and short Run relationship estimation test, as well as the short run Causality test. The data on the variables of model and Trade Openness Indicator were sourced from the various data sources of the Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy and the UNCTAD, World Bank Databases. The Data for the index and the model is collected and analysed for the period of 1991 to 2017. Findings: The analysis of the Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) test for unit root shows that the series were of different order, I(1) and I(0), hence the Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) co-integration technique was employed by the study. The long run relationship of the underlying variables is detected through the F-statistic (Wald test) which shows that the series are co-integrated. Long run relationship estimates presents a positive and significant relationship between exports and domestic investment with GDP. The analysis presents that the relationship between the variables imports and exchange rate with GDP was found to be negative, but statistically insignificant and the speed of adjustment term (Error Correction Term) was also found to be significant. Short run causality result reveals the presence of short run causality between exports, domestic investment and exchange rate to GDP. Practical Implications: The paper concludes a positive relationship between international trade and economic growth and supports the ideology of mercantilism to encourage exports through trade promotion and increased participation of India in the world markets. Originality/Value: The authors conclude a positive impact of international trade on India’s economic growth and long run relationship estimates present a positive and significant relationship between exports and domestic investment with GDP. Further analysis on implications on bilateral treaties and tariffs would add value to the current study. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z