https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/5627 2026-04-16T02:57:31Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143231 Title: Design and performance evaluation of a green LED OFDM LiFi system for an electromagnetic interference sensitive hospital network Authors: Sharma, Ajay; Garg, Lalit; Atieh, Ahmad; Xuereb, Peter A. Abstract: Light Fidelity (LiFi) is an alternative technology to Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) for secure, high-speed hospital communication. The main objective of this study is to design a Four-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (4QAM-OFDM) LiFi system that overcomes electromagnetic interference (EMI), ensures biological safety, guarantees secure medical data transmission, and delivers high-speed, low-latency connectivity for hospital networks. The core contribution is a holistic 4QAM-OFDM LiFi design that offers superior spectral efficiency, significantly reduced Bit Error Rate (BER), and compliance with healthcare safety standards compared to existing LiFi systems, as demonstrated by its simulation using OptiSystem 21 and MATLAB R2024b. Using a 500 nm Light-Emitting Diode (LED) compliant with photobiological safety standards safeguards biological safety, while utilizing 1024-subcarrier OFDM decreases ISI. The receiver’s Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) photodetector converts optical signals to electrical form, while the quadrature demodulator minimizes phase distortion, achieving a BER of 4.25E-3 at 30 dBm— further reducible to E-9 with error correction for reliable hospital communication. This performance demonstrates the system’s suitability for mission-critical applications such as AI-assisted diagnostics, robotic surgery, and real-time medical imaging. The proposed system maintained excellent tolerance to both multipath distortion and external EMI, resolving EMI-related device interference, improving energy efficiency through reduced power consumption, and enhancing security via optical confinement that prevents signal leakage beyond hospital rooms. This enables a practical and scalable pathway for replacing WiFi in hospital environments, ensuring uninterrupted, high-speed, and safe communication for both routine and life-critical healthcare applications. The system reduces power consumption, diminishes CO₂ emissions, and improves hospital energy efficiency by promoting sustainable and eco-friendly LiFi technology. This study confirms LiFi as a secure, high-performance WiFi alternative for hospitals, meeting healthcare standards. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143061 Title: Itinerary planning in wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimization Authors: K, Lingaraj; Malghan, Rashmi; Rao, Karthik; Garg, Lalit; H. M., Vishwanatha; Madhavi J, Bindu Abstract: Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can benefit from mobile agent technology in several ways, including decreased network traffic and energy-efficient data collection techniques. Path scheduling for mobile agents (MAs) is currently a crucial component of WSNs. However, routing all MAs across WSNs must be carefully organized to reduce resource costs and increase information accuracy. Numerous studies have developed routing algorithms for installing several MAs in a particular network. They planned routes, so the mobile agent checks pursued distinct paths to gather information from the nodes efficiently. This paper presents a novel fuzzy logic-based particle swarm optimization itinerary planning technique (FLPSO). The FLPSO employs techniques associated with the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and classifies the sensor into distinct types depending on the paths specified by the mobile agent trips. Mobile agents adhere to hybrid planning determined by particle swarm optimization (PSO) planning and gather data only from authorized groups. The experimental results illustrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed method over current methods, concerning 10% better energy consumption and 15% better task delay (time). Description: Electronic supplementary material is attached. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/142719 Title: Comparative analysis of FinFET-based 7T and 8T architectures for IoT applications Authors: Garg, Deepak; Sharma, Devendra Kumar; Garg, Lalit Abstract: The increasing demand for ultra-low-power and high-performance memory systems in Internet of Things (IoT) applications necessitates the exploration of advanced SRAM architectures. FinFET technology, with its superior electrostatic control and reduced leakage current (I_Leakage), has emerged as a promising solution at sub-45nm nodes. This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of FinFET-based 7-transistor and 8-transistor static random access memory (SRAM) cells, focusing on parameters like power consumption, delay and power-delay product. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide insights into optimizing SRAM cell architectures for future IoT applications, ensuring reliability and efficiency in data storage and retrieval. The 7T FinFET SRAM design demonstrates a reduction in average power dissipation of approximately 38% and an increase in average noise voltage of about 8% when compared to 8T SRAM cells. Cadence Virtuoso ADE serves as the primary tool for all design and simulation activities. The results demonstrate the trade-offs involved in cell design, providing insight into the suitability of each architecture for edge IoT devices. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/142500 Title: Exploring the impact of robotics in STEM education activities and competitive challenges Authors: Farooq, Adil; Zukhraf, Syeda Zillay Nain; Maryam, Hafsa; Attard, Conrad; Kamal, Mohsin Abstract: As robotics and technology become increasingly integrated into education and daily life, it is important to recognize their essential role. Even young children have access to electronic toys and gadgets, which can facilitate their learning and interaction. This study highlights the significance of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education at the elementary school level, emphasizing how university students from a variety of disciplines can design and construct robots capable of carrying out challenging tasks for humanitarian purposes. The study also emphasizes the need to encourage women’s participation in robotics to showcase their skills and innovative ideas. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how robotics can effectively be used in both STEM education and competitive challenges, showcasing its effectiveness in teaching and promoting technological advancement. By encouraging early engagement in STEM education and promoting diversity in the field of robotics, we can empower future generations to lead the way in creating innovative solutions to global challenges. 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z