https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/1038 Thu, 16 Apr 2026 18:49:25 GMT 2026-04-16T18:49:25Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/144695 Title: Dubbing in the AI and streaming age : innovations and implications for translation training Authors: Spiteri Miggiani, Giselle Abstract: Recent developments in Media Localization, such as the shift to cloud-based ecosystems, have significantly impacted both professional practice and training environments (Bolaños- García-Escribano & Díaz-Cintas, 2020; Bolaños-García-Escribano, Díaz-Cintas & Massidda, 2021). The ongoing evolution of technology is reshaping industry demands and the job market, giving rise to new professional profiles that require specific skills and versatility (Bolaños García-Escribano, 2025). This chapter will explore practical training applications in a university context, focusing on three major shifts in translation for dubbing: the rise of standardized indirect translation workflows (Agulló Garcia et al., 2024; Pięta et al. 2023), the use of cloud dubbing tools for translation and adaptation (Chaume & De Los Reyes-Lozano, 2021; Spiteri Miggiani, 2023), and the emergence of AI dubbing technologies (Spiteri Miggiani, 2024). These trends drive new industry demands and necessitate specialized training. The paper will examine these changes through industry and academic perspectives, supported by systematic framework proposals and experimental research findings (Spiteri Miggiani, 2022; 2024; 2025). Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/144695 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143312 Title: GenAI for speech writing in the training of Maltese conference interpreters for the European Union Authors: Colman, Amy Abstract: The present paper explores the potential of GenAI tools in generating speeches to prepare for the European Union’s interinstitutional accreditation test. A small-scale experimental empirical study was conducted in which interpreting students were instructed to annotate, critically assess and compare English and Maltese speeches generated by three GenAI tools, viz., Gemini, Copilot and ChatGPT, to be used for beginner consecutive interpretation practice. The GenAI tools were prompted to generate three English and three Maltese speeches modelled on those in the European Commission’s Speech Repository. The analysis focuses on compliance with the prompt, suitability for purpose and linguistic output quality. The results indicate that, upon initial analysis, the speeches in both languages satisfy many of the criteria in the prompt. However, more thorough scrutiny reveals that the speeches may prove challenging for trainees to interpret, primarily due to their poor argumentative structure, low factual density, lack of clear links and intent, and low terminological complexity. In addition, the speech topics are excessively simplistic, not well-researched and insufficiently nuanced. The differences between English, a high-resource language, and Maltese, a low-resource language, are minimal. The main discrepancy between the two is the higher number of linguistic errors in Maltese. Overall, the results indicate that the speeches in both languages require extensive post-editing to meet their intended use. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143312 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143139 Title: Traditional versus cloud-based translation for dubbing : a translator and trainer perspective Authors: Spiteri Miggiani, Giselle Abstract: The shift to cloud-based audiovisual translation (AVT) platforms, referred to as the AVT cloud turn (Bolaños & Díaz-Cintas 2020: 520), has significantly transformed professional workflows, prompting notable changes in training environments. Students training in translation and adaptation for dubbing must now develop proficiency in both traditional and cloud-based approaches to creating dubbing scripts. This chapter explores the effectiveness and efficiency of cloud-based tools within the translation and adaptation processes specifically for dubbing. These tools are believed to offer substantial advantages, such as reduced errors and enhanced overall quality of dubbing script outputs (Spiteri Miggiani 2023a). This study aims to validate this assumption through experimental research conducted in a training setting. A group of postgraduate university students specialising in audiovisual translation were asked to adapt an excerpt using traditional methods, without the aid of software tools. They then revised their translations using a cloud-based platform, employing the available tools. Both versions were analysed to identify the changes and potential improvements resulting from the adoption of the integrated tools. In addition to evaluating translation outputs, this study incorporates supplementary data collection to understand both the translator’s and trainer-researcher’s perspectives. Participants completed a questionnaire designed to assess preferences and the efficiency of cloud-based tools. The evaluation of translation outputs covers various aspects, including speed, accuracy in synchronisation, linguistic focus, script functionality, impact on creativity, and self-evaluation and self-revision potential. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143139 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143138 Title: Taboo and sensitive language in inclusive subtitles : gauging tolerance thresholds in a Maltese context Authors: Spiteri Miggiani, Giselle; Cutajar, Kimberly Abstract: Malta’s localization practices largely rely on inclusive subtitles in English or Maltese, a combined translation–accessibility solution that delivers linguistic, cultural, and sensory access in line with a universalist approach. This article reports an in-depth reception study designed to gauge Maltese viewers’ tolerance thresholds for taboo and other categories of sensitive language in inclusive subtitles, with the aim of corroborating or refining local subtitling guidelines. Drawing on clips from US English TV shows streamed on Netflix, respondents compared paired subtitled versions that employed four distinct strategies—attenuation, equivalent impact, omission, and aggravation—across varied genres, contexts, characterizations, and functions of taboo language. The online survey combined immediate reactions with subsequent, more reflective responses; qualitative findings were analyzed alongside demographic variables (age, gender, education, locality). Contrary to expectations derived from earlier work suggesting general acceptance of vulgar expressions, results indicate a clear overall preference for attenuation strategies for expletives irrespective of taboo category or narrative context. Complete omission emerged as the favored approach specifically for blasphemous language. As for sensitive language concerning sexual orientation, race, and mental health, participants initially preferred the less derogatory renditions, though this preference was less pronounced than with other taboo categories. Notably, when respondents were prompted to focus on these sensitive topics and reflect, their responses shifted and became more contemplative, producing subtler and more varied stances. Responses also became more nuanced when participants considered a hypothetical policy on vulgar language in Maltese inclusive subtitles. These findings support targeted adjustments to local guidelines, emphasizing attenuation for expletives and omission for blasphemy, while recommending context-aware policies for other sensitive categories. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/143138 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z