https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/136571 Sat, 25 Apr 2026 13:13:44 GMT 2026-04-25T13:13:44Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137852 Title: Inclusion in recreation and green tourism as a condition for internal human balance on the way to environmental sustainability and legal-administrative regulations : part 1 Authors: Olszewski-Strzyżowski, Dariusz Jacek; Pasek, Marcin; Borek, Dominik; Sadowska, Beata; Kochański, Konrad Abstract: PURPOSE: The concept of sustainable development refers to the interrelationship of humans with the surrounding natural environment. Due to the development of technology, increased productivity and changes in the organization of work, modern people have more opportunities to implement the concept of sustainable development in the gradually increasing time allocated to recreation and tourism. The purpose of this review was to characterize the historical and contemporary thought linking the issue of globally understood sustainable development with its inalienable condition of an intrinsically sustainable human being. This article is the first part of the discussion; it will be continued in the next paper.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research method used was a search based on finding scientific sources of information linking the concepts of personal and environmental balance.; FINDINGS: A review of popular concepts linking equilibrium at the level of the human interior to the equilibrium of the environment in a cause-and-effect mechanism proves more similarities than differences defining various theories.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: All the aforementioned concepts can be part of the philosophy of human life on the grounds of outdoor recreation and so-called green tourism, considered as currently popular proposals to return to nature and seek in its balance a chance for personal balance. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137852 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137851 Title: Inflation-driven changes in consumer behavior on the Polish market : a survey approach Authors: Sobotkiewicz, Dariusz; Waniowski, Paweł Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this article was to identify the most important changes in Poles' purchasing habits, which were influenced by increased inflation. In addition to the literature review, the results of our own survey research will be presented, which assessed the level of perception of inflation by respondents and analyzed their consumption situation with particular emphasis on changes that occurred under the influence of increased inflation.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research was conducted at the end of 2023 on a sample of 226 adult Poles. The study was conducted using an online survey. The issue of changes in purchasing habits caused by inflation was analyzed in the context of the following research areas: assessment of respondents' perceptions of inflation, assessment of changes in the situation resulting from the increase in inflation, and eating habits and changes resulting from inflation. Based on the obtained data, detailed result tables were prepared presenting the distribution of respondents' responses.; FINDINGS: As the presented research results show, changes in purchasing habits due to inflation are varied, and their interpretation is ambiguous. It's important to note that price increases haven't been the only factor influencing consumer decisions in recent years. As affluence increases, product quality, brand, and country or region of origin become increasingly important.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this research can provide important material for developing marketing strategies and social policies aimed at mitigating the negative effects of inflation on society.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Inflation has forced consumers to be more cautious and consciously plan their spending, which in turn forces companies to adapt their marketing strategies, offers, and sales channels to meet customer expectations. This, in turn, leads to the search for new supply markets, optimization of production, and implementation of a range of measures aimed at customer retention. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137851 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137850 Title: Public-private partnerships and gross domestic product growth : evidence from the Eurozone Authors: Papadomanolakis, Dimitrios; Arvanitis, Stavros; Kotios, Aggelos; Stamatopoulos, Theodoros V. Abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigates the impact of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) on the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Eurozone from 2014 to 2021.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Based on relevant literature review we analyze officially published data from the World Bank and the European PPP Authority. The dual research question we seek to answer is whether infrastructure PPP projects complement or substitute traditional government expenditures, and how they affect GDP, in the case of the Eurozone. Since the global financial crisis of 2008 and the ensuing Eurozone debt crisis (2010-’18), within the framework imposed by the financialization era, it is a common experience the fiscal constraints faced by governments that have to discipline the capital markets from which they borrow. We explore descriptively the effectiveness of PPPs as a development tool and their impact on GDP growth.; FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: No significant number of articles found either on the PPPs influence on GDP growth or their effects on different sectors of the economies. Developing and state-dominated economies seem to be involved in significantly more PPP contracts than European ones. We found, however, that the latter are pursuing a similar intention to engage with the institution. Due to descriptive analysis the study uses we are unable to draw either inductive conclusions or about the causality of PPPs on GDP growth.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: We cannot reject the hypothesis that PPPs positively contribute to GDP change, in mature economies and especially in the Eurozone case. Additionally, we observe that the PPP-GDP growth relationship varies depending on several macroeconomic factors. Thus, our study shows that contemporary governments could use PPPs as a complement in their development economic policies which have limited tools.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper provides an updated and comprehensive analysis of the need for PPPs, even though the lack of statistical data prevented us from making inductive inferences. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137850 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137849 Title: Unified text segmentation (TSEG) deep learning function for legal text recovery : enhancing generative-NLP and AI-driven regulatory operations in industry 5.0 Authors: Mah, Pascal Muam; Pelech-Pilichowski, Tomasz Abstract: PURPOSE: The emergence of Industry 5.0 demands intelligent systems that not only automate tasks but also collaborate meaningfully with humans, especially in highly regulated fields like law and governance. This study addresses the challenges of fragmented, redacted, and corrupted legal documents, which hinder compliance, auditing, and interpretability.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This research introduces a Unified Tseg Deep Learning Function—a multi-layered framework combining legal text segmentation (Tseg), generative NLP techniques, and legal ontology alignment. The model incorporates transformer architectures, attention mechanisms, and recursive state modeling to enable dynamic content recovery, contextual classification, and visibility-based annotation based on age and jurisdiction.; FINDINGS: The proposed system effectively recovers missing or corrupted legal content, categorizes segments by legal domain, and applies jurisdiction-specific and age-based visibility rules. It demonstrates strong potential in automating and enhancing interpretability within legal workflows and regulatory compliance systems.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This framework can support digital governance platforms, legal information retrieval systems, and compliance monitoring tools by enabling more accurate and automated reconstruction and classification of legal documents, thus improving transparency and accountability in legal processes.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study offers a novel integration of Tseg, generative NLP, and legal ontologies tailored for Industry 5.0. Its unique contribution lies in bridging technical deep learning methods with domain-specific legal compliance requirements, supporting the evolution of intelligent, human-centric regulatory technologies. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/137849 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z