https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21526 Fri, 10 Apr 2026 03:25:17 GMT 2026-04-10T03:25:17Z https://www.um.edu.mt:443/library/oar/retrieve/0ca10c73-ed68-45d7-b9d2-1b0035c8a630/ https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21526 https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21775 Title: Illegal migration as a major threat to Libya's security Authors: Attir, Mustafa O. Abstract: Attir, M.O. (2014). Illegal migration as a major threat to Libya's security. In O. Grech, & M. Wohlfeld (Eds.), Migration in the Mediterranean : human rights, security and development perspectives (pp. 96-108). Msida: Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21775 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21774 Title: International migration : human rights and development dimensions Authors: Regan, Colm Abstract: According to the United Nations and the OECD, more than 230 million people were living outside their countries of birth in 2013 with an additional 700 million migrating internally within their countries (UN DESA and OECD 2013). Current research and analysis has suggested that in the coming decades, demographic changes, increasing globalisation in a context of growing international inequality and climate change will significantly increase migration pressures within and across borders, at least in the short to medium term (see, for example UNDP 2009, IOM 2010, OECD 2007 and 2009). Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21774 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21773 Title: A view from the ground : human security threats to irregular migrants across the Mediterranean Authors: Lutterbeck, Derek Abstract: Lutterbeck, D. (2014). A view from the ground : human security threats to irregular migrants across the Mediterranean. In O. Grech, & M. Wohlfeld (Eds.), Migration in the Mediterranean : human rights, security and development perspectives (pp. 124-131). Msida: Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21773 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21772 Title: African refugees in the southern Mediterranean Authors: Lodge, Tom Abstract: Between 1960 and 2000, most Africans travelling across the Mediterranean were North Africans by origin, that is, Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan, moving first to France, and subsequently to Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, responding to European demand for low skilled and low paid labour. Legal Moroccan emigration between the 1960s and the 2000s had created a diaspora of 2.6 million former Moroccans in Europe. Meanwhile, 700,000 Tunisians were living in France in 2003 (Baldwin-Edwards, 2006, p. 312). Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/21772 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z