https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34563 Mon, 20 Apr 2026 14:16:57 GMT 2026-04-20T14:16:57Z https://www.um.edu.mt:443/library/oar/retrieve/35b938f4-0348-474e-aa40-85b253f0c073/ https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34563 https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34662 Title: Constructions of private tutoring in Slovenian online chatrooms : a content analysis Authors: Faganel, Armand; Trnavcevic, Anita Abstract: This chapter presents an exploratory study of discourses about private tutoring. Slovenia, as a young democracy just entering its third decade, is still struggling to embrace the free market economy. It has many grey areas with no or little tax regulation. Private tutoring has been widely recognised as one of the strongest components of the shadow economy, but no previous research has been undertaken on its scale and implications. For the present study, a qualitative analysis was chosen to explore the content and nature of discourses on different forums and websites reflecting both demand and supply of tutoring. The findings are discussed and compared with international knowledge about the phenomenon. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34662 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34661 Title: Beyond shadows : equity, diversity, and private tutoring Authors: Mazawi, Andre Elias; Sultana, Ronald G.; Bray, Mark Abstract: Private tutoring – a fee-based supplementary out-of-school individual or group instruction – is a pervasive phenomenon. As shown by various authors (e.g. Bray, 2009; Bray & Lykins, 2012; Dawson, 2010; Silova, 2010), and the chapters in this collection, private tutoring plays out across, alongside, and in some instances even as part of formal school systems, whether formally or informally. Bray (2010) observes that, ‘tutoring has moved beyond being just a shadow of the regular system to become a system in its own right which offers additional learning opportunities’ (p. 10). Moreover, it transcends national and social class boundaries. The expansion of web-based technologies and offshoring practices have further weakened (though not entirely eliminated) ‘geographical constraints both for the service providers and to their clients’ (Ventura & Jang, 2010, p. 66). Private tutoring is found in states upholding different political ideologies. Continually morphing, it assumes multifaceted forms, occupies diverse institutional spaces, and is provided through different modes of delivery. Description: Includes a chapter with notes on the contributors. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34661 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34660 Title: The demand for private tutoring in Turkey : unintended consequences of curriculum reform Authors: Kosar Altinyelken, Hulya Abstract: This chapter focuses on the private tutoring phenomenon in Turkey. It seeks to analyse the impact of the revision of primary school curriculum on the demand for private tutoring. It also outlines various academic, economic and social implications of private tutoring. Based on interviews with school management and teachers in eight public schools in Ankara, the chapter discusses the perceived contradictions and tensions in relation to the introduction of competency based curriculum in a highly exam-oriented education system. It highlights teachers’ concerns with regard to student learning and the implications of learning ‘less’ in mainstream schools on students’ further educational and career possibilities. The majority of teachers who participated in this study believed that the revised curriculum has inadvertently contributed to the intensification of the demand for private tutoring. The chapter underscores the importance of aligning education policies in order to avoid such unintended consequences. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34660 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34659 Title: Private tutoring and inequitable opportunities in Turkey : challenges and policy implications Authors: Tansel, Aysit Abstract: This chapter considers private tutoring in relation to two national, high stakes selective examinations in Turkey, and the way these three interact in such a manner as to negatively impact the quality of education for all, as well as equity. Drawing on previously published research, the chapter focuses in particular on the influence of Private Tutoring Centres, and the way these collude with students and parents in developing strategies that seek to ensure success in entrance examinations. The chapter argues for the need to critically rethink the inequitable layers of educational structures, policies and practices prevalent within public education, pointing to the need for reforms that transform education into a meaningful enterprise for all social groups in Turkey. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/34659 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z