https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/74728 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 03:22:01 GMT 2026-04-04T03:22:01Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/77130 Title: Survival of Punic culture during the roman period : Malta and other central Mediterranean islands Abstract: This study aims to trace surviving Punic cultural elements during Roman rule in three chosen areas in the central Mediterranean - the Maltese islands, Pantelleria and western Sicily - by taking a look at different socio-political and cultural aspects that are generally analysed in such comparative studies, namely administration, economy, language and religion. The notably Punic nature of the archaeological record of the Maltese islands after the establishment of Roman authority over the archipelago in 218 B.C. and well into the 2nd century B.C. was what inspired this study in the first place. The survival of Punic culture in Roman Malta has been frequently referred to in archaeological literature on the Maltese islands, though it has never been studied in depth. For this reason, the Maltese islands will be the main focus of this dissertation, but instead of looking at the Maltese islands on their own and in abstract fashion, this study will also endeavour to strike comparisons with the neighbouring islands of Sicily (with a strict emphasis on the western region of the island, as explained below) and Pantelleria, which more or less passed through similar political and cultural changes. Moreover, if we are to make any claims about any interaction of the Punic culture with the new political and cultural regime, we have to place the Punic culture in context and map the contemporary Greek and/or Roman custom. Thus, in the following chapters, the discussion will also take into consideration any Hellenizing influences as well as the emerging phenomenon of Romanization (discussed in section 1.3). Description: M.A.ARCHAEOLOGY Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/77130 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/74761 Title: An overview of iron age harbours in the levant with a focus on Tyre and Sidon : literacy evidence, iconographic sources and scientific research Abstract: The aim of this research is to provide a picture of the Iron Age harbours of the Levant (Figure 2), focusing on Tyre and Sidon, two of the main harbours during that time. For the purpose of this dissertation, the term Levant refers to the eastern Mediterranean coast affecting modern day Syria, Lebanon and Israel (Figure 1). The time frame under study - tile Iron Age - is the period between the end of the Late Bronze Age, around 1200 BC, and the destruction of the first temple of Jerusalem in 586 BC (Figure 3), in accordance with the timeline given by Mazar. However, the research also includes the Persian period, up to 332 BC, which demarcates the end of the Persian rule in Phoenicia and the dawn of the Hellenistic period. The reason behind this is that a number of authors' descriptions of the maritime activities and the harbours of Tyre during the siege by the Macedonians in 332 BC, which descriptions are imperative to this research. Description: M.A.ARCHAEOLOGY Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/74761 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z