Survey of uniparental genetic markers in the Maltese cattle breed reveals a significant founder effect but does not indicate local domestication

Abstract

Local breeds often represent unique and endangered sources of genetic variability, particularly when confined to isolated geographic areas. The Maltese breed of cattle is considered to be of ancient origin. Late Pleistocene oxen skeletal remains and Neolithic representations of primitive cattle are argued as proof of local domestication. However, the origin of the Maltese cattle has always been shrouded in mystery. In addition, subsequent stochastic or intentional mating with other stocks may have eroded the original genetic profile (Appendix S1). The results of this study reflect the probable recent history of the Maltese cattle, given that the last authentic Maltese bull was culled in 1990 and semen from the Chianina breed, which shows phenotypic traits similar to the Maltese breed, was used to propagate the breed. The present adult population consists of 12 males and 19 females divided into two herds.