In search of a better life : the employment conditions of irregular immigrants in Malta

Abstract

This dissertation aims at investigating irregular immigration in Malta in the context of employment as it is a relatively new topic for Malta and hence very little research has been conducted on the issue so far. Thus the conditions of employment of these irregular immigrants, the difficulties they encounter and their integration in the local labour market are looked into. A qualitative approach was taken in this study. Research was conducted through a series of semi-structured interviews. First, sixteen irregular immigrants were interviewed. Then, interviews were conducted with eight representatives or employees of major stakeholder organisations. It was imperative in the conduction of this research to respect all the required ethical issues. Thematic analysis was chosen to analyse data. The majority of irregular immigrants interviewed said that they have either never worked and went to school or worked in low skilled jobs and had only a basic level of education. Having said this, almost all of these immigrants agreed on the importance to have a job. However almost all those interviewed concurred that the employment conditions of irregular immigrants in Malta is not good. Most irregular immigrants resort to irregular employment and work in jobs that the Maltese refuse. Most of these jobs are still not regulated well enough. This goes to show that irregular immigrants are not living a very comfortable life once in Malta as some believe. Specific policies targeting irregular immigrants are also lacking. This is positive since it avoids segregation and negative as it hinders integration. The relationship between irregular immigrants and the Maltese is also still seen not to be idyllic. Those interviewed, in fact, did not express great optimism for the future. The relationship with the Maltese should also be taken into consideration as that is many times the cause of the difficulties experienced by irregular immigrants. However, it must be acknowledged that the work of authorities and administrators regarding this issue is not an easy one. Hence, a set of recommendations are proposed. More ad hoc services and policies being made available to irregular immigrants for them to be able to integrate better or to be more requested in other countries' labour markets are proposed. Irregular immigrants should on the other hand observe certain obligations while it is recommended that even the Maltese are given more Intercultural education.