Debating fear of crime : causes and consequences with particular reference to victimisation

Abstract

This research inquires into the phenomenon of fear of crime which has been a serious social problem for ‘time immemorial’. This study brings to light ideas, trends and perceptions on fear of crime and its impact on people’s daily lives. Relevant theories are applied in analysing and debating the diverse literature with a view to establishing fear of crime’s influence on people’s quality of life and well-being, which crimes they fear most and what they consider as signs that expose them to becoming victims. Also, the media’s effect on this fear of crime and crime prevention measures directed towards alleviating this fear.

Fear of crime refers to the anticipated fear that is perceived risk of becoming a victim rather than the actual victimisation and cannot be taken to be reflective of the actual prevalence of crime. Findings revealed that most people fear crime in certain areas in Malta more than in others, with various neighbourhood cues increasing their fear, thereby instilling in them a ‘fortress mentality’ and avoidance behaviours. Results also indicated that perceived disordered neighbourhood structure is strongly related to citizens’ fear of crime. Such findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of this fear and what crime prevention policies are required. Finally, the theory-driven analysis identifies ‘broken windows’ in neighbourhoods, social disorganisation, opportunity theories and cultivation theory as contributing factors to this fear of crime.