Immobilisation and distraction techniques in paediatric radiography

Abstract

Purpose: The area of study looks into immobilisation and distraction techniques and devices that may be used when imaging paediatrics between the ages of zero to five years. Research Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the use and perceptions of immobilisation and /or distraction techniques and devices when imaging paediatrics between the ages of zero to five years. The study was also aimed at exploring whether local radiographers are trained and/or educated in immobilisation and distraction techniques when imaging paediatrics. Methodology: The research study adopted a non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The self-designed questionnaire was formulated containing mainly close ended questions with a few open-ended questions. The use of close-ended questions enabled the respondents to give factual answers while open-ended questions allowed the participants to express any personal opinions. The questionnaires were distributed to 96 radiographers who worked in areas where paediatric imaging is commonly performed. Results: Forty-six questionnaires were completed and returned giving a response rate of 48%. The data showed that there was some confusion when defining the terms immobilisation, distraction and restraint. Carrying immobilisation and distraction using appropriate devices were effective and generally easy to use; however, immobilisation and distraction devices were not readily available in most of the units within the department. It was noted that the most common immobilisation technique was to ask the parents to 'immobilise' their own child. The second most common immobilisation technique used was by using foam pads whilst the third was by using sandbags. For distraction, the majority of participants used light as a distraction device for new-horns and infants, whilst toys were used for toddlers and pre-school. The majority of the participants, 73%, agreed that distraction was not covered in the undergraduate course and that immobilisation and distraction was learnt mainly by observing qualified radiographers. Training regarding paediatric imaging was also never provided by the imaging department of the general state hospital in Malta and the majority (96%) agreed that further guidance and support should be provided by the imaging department. Furthermore, 85% prefer that there would be a specific set of guidelines to follow when imaging paediatrics between the ages of 0-5 years. Conclusion: The study concluded that the participants acknowledge that immobilisation and distraction techniques and devices are of utmost importance when imaging paediatrics. However, immobilisation and distraction devices should be available in all working areas. It was recommended that hands on training and CPD lectures regarding protocols, use of equipment, and paediatric positioning should be provided by the imaging department. Rooms should also be more adequate for paediatric imaging.