Title: | Differentiation of COVID‐19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold : an ARIA‐EAACI‐GA2LEN consensus |
Authors: | Hagemann, Jan Onorato, Gabrielle L. Jutel, Marek Akdis, Cezmi A. Agache, Ioana Zuberbier, Torsten Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa Mullol, Joaquim Bedbrook, Anna Bachert, Claus Bennoor, Kazi S. Bergmann, Karl‐Christian Braido, Fulvio Camargos, Paulo Caraballo, Luis Cardona, Victoria Casale, Thomas Cecchi, Lorenzo Chivato, Tomas Chu, Derek K. Cingi, Cemal Correia‐de‐Sousa, Jaime Giacco, Stefano Del Dokic, Dejan Dykewicz, Mark Ebisawa, Motohiro El‐Gamal, Yehia Emuzyte, Regina Fauquert, Jean‐Luc Fiocchi, Alessandro Fokkens, Wytske J. Fonseca, Joao A. Gemicioglu, Bilun Gomez, René‐Maximiliano Gotua, Maia Haahtela, Tari Hamelmann, Eckard Iinuma, Tomohisa Ivancevich, Juan Carlos Jassem, Ewa Kalayci, Omer Kardas, Przemyslaw Khaitov, Musa Kuna, Piotr Kvedariene, Violeta Larenas‐Linnemann, Desiree E. Lipworth, Brian Makris, Michael Maspero, Jorge F. Miculinic, Neven Mihaltan, Florin Mohammad, Yousser Montefort, Stephen Morais‐Almeida, Mario Mösges, Ralph Naclerio, Robert Neffen, Hugo Niedoszytko, Marek Hehir, Robyn E. O’ Ohta, Ken Okamoto, Yoshitaka Okubo, Kimi Panzner, Petr Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. Passalacqua, Giovanni Patella, Vincenzo Pereira, Ana Pfaar, Oliver Plavec, Davor Popov, Todor A. Prokopakis, Emmanuel P. Puggioni, Francesca Raciborski, Filip Reijula, Jere Regateiro, Frederico S. Reitsma, Sietze Romano, Antonino Rosario, Nelson Rottem, Menachem Ryan, Dermot Samolinski, Boleslaw Sastre, Joaquin Solé, Dirceu Sova, Milan Stellato, Cristiana Suppli‐Ulrik, Charlotte Tsiligianni, Ioanna Valero, Antonio Valiulis, Arunas Valovirta, Erkka Vasankari, Tuula Ventura, Maria Teresa Wallace, Dana Wang, De Yun Williams, Siân Yorgancioglu, Arzu Yusuf, Osman M. Zernotti, Mario Bousquet, Jean Klimek, Ludger |
Keywords: | Hay fever Cold (Disease) Cough COVID-19 (Disease) Smell |
Issue Date: | 2021 |
Publisher: | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Citation: | Hagemann, J., Onorato, G. L., Jutel, M., Akdis, C. A., Agache, I., Zuberbier, T., ... & Klimek, L. (2021). Differentiation of COVID‐19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA‐EAACI‐GA2LEN consensus. Allergy, 76, 2354-2366. |
Abstract: | Background: Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis. An ARIA-EAACI study group attempted to differentiate upper respiratory symptoms between the three diseases. Methods: A modified Delphi process was used. The ARIA members who were seeing COVID-19 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on the upper airway symptoms of COVID-19, common cold and allergic rhinitis. Results: Among the 192 ARIA members who were invited to respond to the questionnaire, 89 responded and 87 questionnaires were analysed. The consensus was then reported. A two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in the symptom intensity between the three diseases (p < .001). Conclusions: This modified Delphi approach enabled the differentiation of upper respiratory symptoms between COVID-19, the common cold and allergic rhinitis. An electronic algorithm will be devised using the questionnaire. |
URI: | https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/86262 |
Appears in Collections: | Scholarly Works - FacM&SMed
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