Entrepreneurs : does gender make a difference?

Abstract

The number of women in the world of work has increased significantly during these last few years. This includes the steadily growing presence of women entrepreneurs, who are becoming the driving force of enterprises in the global economy. Women are making major strides in educational attainment at both primary and secondary levels. Nevertheless, female entrepreneurs face higher risks since they are pursuing industries which are still considered male-dominated and it may be difficult to overcome traditional stereotypes. (Buttner1993). This qualitative research study focuses on female entrepreneurs in Malta and examines the hurdles they face in comparison to males in starting a business. Furthermore, this study specifically asks how Malta's cultural context and enterprise environment may affect female entrepreneurs. In addition, it asks whether being a female - normally not assumed as the "ideal worker", but as a person with caring responsibilities, affects entrepreneurship and start up success? Specifically, qualitative data was collected from five female start-up entrepreneurs. Two sets of questions were formulated and in depth semi-structured interviews were carried out in order to examine whether there is evidence of direct or indirect gender discrimination in entrepreneur start ups. This study gives indications that although women are more liberated, gendered stereotypes about women's and men's roles are still felt by some. Meanwhile, women who have sufficient support from their family found it easier to succeed; however, a line of guilt for giving priority to work over family could still be felt. This study also confirms that being an entrepreneur does have some form of impact on a female's personal life, such as undergoing various sacrifices, such as facing financial restrictions and balancing work and family life. However, it is interesting to note that in spite of all this, all female entrepreneurs were satisfied with their work and this supports the literature that female entrepreneurs no longer embark on the entrepreneurial journey only when they have no other option. Motivation, inclusion, determination and perseverance are the key words to success.