https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/97161 2026-04-05T12:21:01Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/98536 Title: How Does Ukraine deal with the efficiency of public spending on education compared to European Union countries? Authors: Kozun-Cieslak, Grazyna Abstract: PURPOSE: Every human has a right to education. The states are required to provide educational services to every citizen, as it is an essential tool for creating and enhancing the knowledge and skills of a given society. The aim of this study is to investigate how Ukraine deals with the efficiency of public spending on education, as compared to the other EU countries.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: As a quantitative tool, a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been applied. The DEA evaluates the technical efficiency and aims at estimating the relationship between the inputs and outputs of homogeneous objects. It is a powerful, non-parametric method for evaluating the relative efficiency when there are multiple inputs and outputs. The variant of the super-efficiency and non-oriented, slackbased DEA model, under the assumption of variable returns to scale has been used in this study.; FINDINGS: The DEA computations showed that Ukraine fared very well, as compared to 22 EU countries, taking second place in the DEA super efficiency ranking (δ = 1.18). This result confirmed that in terms of the technical efficiency of public spending on education, Ukraine was doing much better than many EU member states. It does not mean that the Ukrainian education system should be considered a model one, but only that with relatively low expenditure on education, Ukraine achieves above-average results.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of the study help to identify areas of state activity in which Ukraine meets the standards of the European Union countries and justify the need to introduce appropriate aid to support Ukraine in its pursuit of the EU membership.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The study complements the existing knowledge in the literature with evidence-based discussion on the opportunities and threats of Ukraine joining the EU. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/98529 Title: Generation Z in the labour market : contestation or adaptation? Authors: Chomątowska, Barbara; Janiak-Rejno, Iwona; Strugała, Andrzej; Żarczyńska-Dobiesz, Agnieszka Abstract: PURPOSE: The main goal of the article is to identify the level of awareness of Z generation (representatives of the second-year students of master's studies of the University of Economics and Business in Wroclaw) regarding the structure of demand for specific professions and specialties in the labor market and to identify factors that have a decisive impact on retaining young employees in the company.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The investigation involved the revision of relevant literature and conducting own research. The presented goal and research questions implied the need to select appropriate methods, techniques and research tools. The authors conducted their research using a questionnaire, which contained closed questions in the form of a disjunctive cafeteria with a 4-point scale. The questionnaire was followed by a metric, enabling the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied population. Then, as part of the adopted research methodology, the data analysis method was used. Due to the nominal nature of the variables, frequency and percentage statistics were used in the statistical study. The empirical part is based on the results of the survey conducted in the first quarter of 2020 on the sample of 271 representatives.; FINDINGS: The results showed that the youngest generation of employees aims for employment stability, they have an ‘idea for themselves’ that will allow them to meet the needs that are important to them. The findings should help managers in Polish companies not only understand young employees but also facilitate the orientation of the young Z’s in the labor market in reaction to the existing working and employment conditions.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The research results shall contribute to the debate on the kind of employees the young people from Generation Z shall become and whether and how they shall differ from representatives of previous generations. It should be noted that there is a difference between what Generation Z declares and what they really need. Paradoxically, despite the great openness of Generation Z to changing their workplace, the vast majority of them is also looking for the security of having it. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/98528 Title: Actions of the National Revenue Administration towards protection of the Polish cultural heritage Authors: Dworzecki, Jacek; Nowicka, Izabela; Szkurłat, Izabela Abstract: PURPOSE: The research question is how effective are the actions taken by National Revenue Administration towards protection of the Polish cultural heritage.; APPROACH/METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: The article is based on an analysis of the literature on the subject, applicable legal acts, government strategies in the field of protection national polish cultural heritage, interviews with experts and statistical summaries obtained from all departments National Revenue Administration in Poland. In the frame of research theoretical methods were used, e.g., critical analysis of scientific sources and comparison of statistical data and empirical methods, e.g., document analysis, comparative analysis. The project was carried out in accordance with the approved research plan and in accordance with the regulations in the field of ethics of scientific research at the Military University of the Land Forces in Wroclaw.; FINDINGS: The article reveals tasks realized by the National Revenue Administration in the scope of protecting cultural goods and works of art in Poland. The organizational structure of this institution is discussed, just as legal bases which determine activities of the revenue administration towards combating crime related to illegal transfer and exportation of works of art and of other objects from the category of cultural heritage. The initiatives undertaken as part of international cooperation have been outlined.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The article can be used in creating solutions in other EU countries, which will be aimed at improving the level of protection of cultural heritage in the local, national and regional dimension.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This is one of the first articles that comprehensively presents solutions adopted in a democratic European country in the field of protection cultural goods and works of art by National Revenue Administration in Poland. In the light of the events of the ongoing war in Ukraine, the protection of national heritage is becoming one of the most important issues formative the martyrdom of contemporary independent nations. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/98527 Title: Dynamic time warping in financial data : modification of algorithm in context of stock market similarity analysis Authors: Grzejszczak, Tomasz; Probierz, Eryka; Gałuszka, Adam; Simek, Krzysztof; Jędrasiak, Karol; Wiśniewski, Tomasz Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to use Dynamic Time Warping algorithm along with two statistical tests, Fourier transform and Random permutation, to analyze the similarity of company charts based on stock market data.; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The analyzed data from the Warsaw Stock Exchange will detect the similarity between different companies at different and the same time, and between different times for the same company. The research has been carried out based on data from the Warsaw Stock Exchange for selected companies on which DTW analysis has been performed, using AAiFT (Fourier transformations) and RP (Random permutations).; FINDINGS: Obtained results indicate that it is possible to detect high similarity between charts by DTW and verify this similarity using statistical tests. Boundary conditions were indicated for the analyses performed and various analysis cases were investigated.; PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Conducted research reveals the relevance of the use of DTW in a financial context and the possibility of further development as a tool to support investing.; ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Previous analyses using the DTW method have not included the use of statistical tests in the analysis of the resulting similarity. The use of such a solution is of particular importance in stock market data, allowing the analysis and detection of similarity, along with the determination of the probability of its occurrence. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z