Factors influencing breakfast consumption habits among University students in Malta

Abstract

This research aimed at exploring University of Malta students’ breakfast consumption patterns, with specific focus on the factors that influence such eating habits. The researcher wanted to identify whether the prevalence of skipping breakfast could indicate any underlying issues. In order to answer the research question, online questionnaires were sent out to all students attending the University of Malta. The questionnaire, which was completed by a representative sample of 273 students, explored various aspects including the breakfast habits and choices made during the week and over the weekend, the main reasons for skipping breakfast, students’ attitude towards the morning meal and the effects of breakfast on the behaviour, performance and overall health of students. This study revealed that a positive attitude towards breakfast encouraged a habitual consumption in students. Moreover, breakfast eaters acknowledged the positive effects breakfast has on the energy levels, cognitive function and mood. Conversely, lack of time was found to be the biggest breakfast barrier, together with having no appetite and failing to perceive breakfast as the most important meal of the day. Furthermore, by conducting a survey checklist, the researcher identified the kind of breakfast foods available in food outlets found on and off campus and concluded that the limited availability of healthy options challenges students to make healthier choices. Based on these findings, an educational blog was created in the hope of spreading the word on the importance of a healthy breakfast. Quick and easy recipes that could also be made in advance were shared so as to encourage viewers to make breakfast a daily habit.