Abuse of social and welfare benefits : a study of the Maltese scenario

Abstract

This dissertation explores the subject of benefit fraud and abuse in Malta. The study starts with defining the ideals behind social provision in democratic countries and the negative impact that benefit fraud and abuse has on society and on the economy. A brief historical overview of the evolution of the welfare state in the country leads to the current status of the welfare system. The researcher made reference to criminology and sociology material in the attempt to profile a Maltese benefit fraudster as well as to literature dealing with the subject on an international basis, in the full knowledge that all countries with a well-developed welfare system face the problem of fraud and abuse which creates significant challenges in terms of sustainability and adequacy. Local and foreign newspapers, in terms of reportage, editorials and opinion pieces were extensively used in that they provided ample material for the analysis of the subject. The decision to look closely at Social Assistance and Employment-Related Benefits emerged from local and international statements that these are the areas that are most widely abused. The focus on single mothers and invalids as recipients of benefits followed from an analysis of media material that clearly illustrated the perception that these are two cohorts that absorb a substantial amount of social provision funding. The author of this dissertation carried out in depth reviews with a number of professionals whose academic and hands- on expertise highlighted the issues of the culture of dependency and the issue of entitlement which neutralise the criminal aspect of benefit fraud, of systemic inefficiencies which facilitate the commission of fraud and abuse and underscored the attitude of a sector of the Maltese population to the receipt of public funds which are earmarked for those who are in need. The replies of the interviewees gave insights on the topics of political interference and of corruption where benefit fraud and abuse is concerned, drawing the defining line between perception and reality. The contributions of the interviewees gave clear proposals and recommendations for the introduction of changes to the current state of affairs and to new measures that are crucial in the ongoing battle against benefit fraud and abuse. Throughout this contribution the researcher kept in mind those who are truly in need and for whom the welfare system developed, in the strong belief that the wrongdoings of some should not stigmatise others.