Soil solarization

Abstract

This project report was carried out in order to study the soil solarization method in Malta from an efficient point of view. Malta has an ideal climate for the soil solarization since it has a typical Mediterranean climate. This project report provides information regarding the soil solarization in Malta and worldwide. Two trials where carried out upon the Experimental Farm of Għammieri and two Maltese farmers in order to study the local horticultural practices of the soil, and its effects on the crop production. The results showed that, for the farmers to have a good profit, good practices, good management system, and facilities which favour the ideal environment. Also the farmer must be willing to learn and educate himself about the soil solarization technique to reduce the chemical usage, which may be toxic to humans and animals. From the experimental trials carried out during summer 1997, it was found that the mean temperature below the soil surface is high enough to control and reduce the nematode populations, weeds and soil borne diseases. The reduction of the pathogenic fungi was also noted during an experimental trial carried out in a greenhouse and in an open field during summer 2001. Soil solarization was found to be effective, and it should be used as an alternative method to methyl bromide, however, best results are obtained by improving the application of the solarization process. After having read this report, one can become more familiar with the solarization practices being carried out at present regarding the crop production and the elimination of soil borne pests, diseases and weeds.