Ryegrass hay versus whole crop silage : effects on milk C18:3 omega-3 in Malta

Abstract

Throughout the world different types of feeds are given to cattle, depending mainly on the environmental conditions and the producer. In Malta, the local farmers are accustomed with two main types of feed, local whole crop silage and hay. Nowadays, some farmers are utilizing ryegrass, which is imported from abroad and is becoming quite popular. Each feed type has its own benefits and hence this study aims at the determination of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of feed within a limited context. The literature review gives an overview of the different types of feeds and explains the importance of Omega 3 and the need to reduce the Saturated Fats in milk, outlining also the percentages that the EU legislation has put forward. Indeed, the main aim of this study is to check which feed system yields the best milk product, with a particular reference content of Omega 3 and Saturated Fats. Two farms were considered for this study, from where milk samples were collected. Farm A cows are fed on whole crop while Farm B relies on ryegrass. Quantitative analysis shows that Farm B produces milk with a better fatty acid profile, although this was not statistically significant. Undoubtedly, such a study opens up new pathways for farmers’ way of thinking and also for anyone dealing with the herding of cattle. Of course, the study does have its limitations but it may be considered as a pilot-study to a more in-depth research on the quality of imported and local fresh fodder that may contributed to the improvement of milk on the local farms.