Sexual reproductive health (SRH) in EU member states and the impact of the European Union : Ireland and Malta

Abstract

Recent years have seen a rise in the prominence of the relatively young field of study focusing on sexual reproductive health, which has developed over time within both the political and social spheres of society. From its initial appearance at the ICPD conference in the 1990s to the transmission of discourse to various international initiatives and strategies, this dissertation aims to further understand sexual reproductive health policy adoption and influence both at a European Union level, as well as through member states, Malta, and Ireland. Through the use qualitative research, the author uncovers the EU’s efforts with regards to SRH policy implementation by the roles and initiatives carried out by the European Commission and Parliament. This data also highlights the extent to which the EU may adopt policy as well as its impact on its member states, highlighting the concept of supporting competences in which most policy decisions with regards to SRH are left to the discretion of the member states, leaving the EU with minimal power and influence within the area. The case study will focus on exploring contraceptive policy in Malta and Ireland to further highlight the role, if any played by the European Union. The author makes use of two culturally comparable member states, identifying the similarities and differences within their contraceptive policies in terms of affordability and availability. With comparison results suggesting that Irish policy is more streamlined with that of the European Union values portrayed towards sexual reproductive health, further question is placed on the EU’s influence. However, upon additional analysis, it has been noted that in the case of both Malta and Ireland, contraceptive policy change takes place prior to their respective accession periods, and hence policy shifts may amalgamate more with social and political factors. Hence, whilst the European Union may be viewed as an entity urging member states to adopt a more inclusive SRH national policy, its lack of competence in the area suggests that national policy shifts take place despite the European Union’s efforts.