Are current player protection laws working? : a discussion on the legal protection afforded to vulnerable gaming consumers and the ethical issues involved

Abstract

Gambling has become an increasingly prevalent form of entertainment globally, leading to a surge in concerns regarding its potential negative impact on vulnerable individuals. This dissertation delves into the complex landscape of gambling regulation, which focuses on providing player protection while maintaining a thriving gaming industry. Strict laws aimed at safeguarding vulnerable players may unintentionally deter them from playing on licensed sites, leading them to seek less protected options offshore, where inferior player protection exists. The central research question revolves around the efficacy of gambling laws. Does the regulatory framework genuinely achieve its intended goals, or does it inadvertently discourage responsible gambling? This study highlights the unintended consequences of onerous regulations, which may hurt licensed sites’ competitiveness against unlicensed counterparts. Hence, the necessity of striking a delicate balance between player protection and industry growth is explored by identifying the best practices that protect vulnerable players without stifling the industry's economic potential. This dissertation meticulously examines three highly regulated countries: Malta, the UK and Sweden, united in their commitment to player protection, yet distinct in their regulatory approaches. Additionally, Bulgaria, offering limited player protection, undergoes thorough investigation to provide valuable contrasts. Analysing diverse regulatory measures enabled the identification of effective strategies both for safeguarding players and for maintaining industry sustainability. Furthermore, this research delves into ethical issues, particularly those impacting vulnerable players, exploring the links between gambling practices, mental health and addiction. The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions and support systems to address the needs of at-risk players. The challenges posed by gambling-related harm require a multi-faceted approach that accounts for the unique vulnerabilities of certain players while upholding the principles of consumer freedom.