Investigating use of sustainable menstrual products among university students in Malta

Abstract

Disposable menstrual products (DMPs) generate significant environmental impacts, whereas reusable menstrual products (RMPs) offer a more sustainable and potentially more cost-effective alternative in the long term. Notwithstanding, several studies around the world suggest a continuing prevailing preference for disposable products. This study investigated use of menstrual products among students at the University of Malta, aiming to understand preferred products, barriers to increase adoption of RMPs, and possible solutions. Employing a sequential mixed-methods design, the research combined quantitative data from a survey of 386 students, with qualitative insights from two focus group discussions. Results revealed that disposable products, such as sanitary pads and tampons, are the preferred choice due to comfort, convenience, and habit. In contrast, RMPs, such as menstrual cups, reusable cloth pads and period underwear have lower adoption rates, mainly due to insufficient education and misconceptions about use and hygiene. Participants also expressed significant concerns about the practical uses of RMPs and the related social stigma, particularly regarding public restrooms. The influence of advertising, family members and peers also emerged as critical factors affecting menstrual product choices. This study highlights the need for comprehensive educational and awareness programs from trusted sources to address knowledge gaps and misconceptions. Improvements in public restroom facilities, enhanced product availability on local markets, and financial support measures such as subsidies should also be considered, to encourage a shift towards more sustainable alternatives. Increased use of RMPs could potentially contribute towards the achievement of several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as well.