Investigation of physical ocean parameters along the water column at il-Ħofra ż-Żgħira, Delimara

Abstract

This dissertation presents an extensive study conducted in the marine environment of il-Ħofra ż-Żgħira at Delimara, focusing on temperature, salinity, and pH variations within the water column, particularly concerning depth and proximity to thermal effluent discharges. Utilising in-situ measurements and satellite data validations, this research investigates the relationship between physical ocean parameters and thermal pollutants from coastal power stations. The primary aim is to understand how thermal effluents influence marine physical parameters, integrating existing observational technologies. The methodology involves direct data acquisition via the Quanta Hydrolab probe and data visualisation through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), providing understanding into coastal marine ecosystem dynamics. Significant findings include thermal stratification within the bay's shallow depth, attributed to thermal effluents altering the water column's thermal properties. Salinity patterns varied due to environmental and anthropogenic factors, while pH levels remained stable, reflecting the ecosystem's resilience to pH fluctuations induced by external stressors. Correlation of in-situ temperature measurements with satellite-derived data validated local data collection methods and highlighted satellite imagery's utility in spatial analysis for environmental monitoring. This dissertation enhances scientific understanding of thermal pollution's impacts on marine environments and establishes a methodological framework for environmental monitoring and research. It emphasises the need for ongoing surveillance and adaptive management strategies to mitigate adverse ecological impacts, contributing to sustainable marine biodiversity stewardship. This work provides a foundational reference for future research, aiding environmental scientists and policymakers in balancing industrial activities with marine conservation goals.