Assessing the future of photovoltaics in the island of Gozo

Abstract

The common perception that the Maltese Islands lack space for development often leads to the assumption that the only feasible option for renewable energy is offshore. However, this study challenges that notion by aiming at identifying the potential of onshore solar photovoltaic installations in Gozo. The methodology has integrated GIS-based spatial analysis to identify optimal inland locations for photovoltaic (PV) installations, with questionnaires targeting Gozitan residents to gauge their level of acceptance of this technology. Results demonstrated that there is still ample space to exploit onshore, before going for the possibly more expensive PV offshore option. Moreover, the findings indicated that Gozo has a high solar energy potential, and the identified spaces are capable of accommodating PV systems that can potentially generate up to 87.03% of the Island’s total electrical energy needs and requiring only 0.9% of total area of the Island. Even with strict adherence to grid proximity and policy regulations, the potential remains significant at 18.33%—nearly double the current PV installed capacity. The work has demonstrated that community engagement demonstrated high acceptance of renewable energy initiatives, particularly for solar energy, which is seen as the most effective route to sustainable energy independence. This enthusiasm aligns with the broader European Union goals for climate neutrality, suggesting that Gozo could realistically aim for 100% renewable energy reliance, through a mix of renewable energy technologies and strong commitment to improving energy efficiency. This study underscores the necessity of re-evaluating energy production and consumption strategies to maximise the renewable energy share of the island and enhance sustainability.