Modelling groundwater behaviour in the Rabat-Dingli perched aquifer through monitoring discharge at the Wied il-Bużbież spring

Abstract

This study employs a multi-disciplinary approach to model the dynamics of groundwater recharge in the Rabat-Dingli Perched Aquifer, with a focus on the Wied il-Bużbież Spring in Malta. The core aim is to understand how precipitation variability, land use, and subsurface characteristics influence groundwater recharge processes. The research integrates geological, hydrological, and meteorological data, complemented by extensive fieldwork and advanced numerical modelling using MODFLOW-2005. The methodology involves mapping the geological strata affecting the aquifer, studying meteorological conditions, and conducting hydrological measurements at the spring. Data from the Malta MET Office provided precipitation patterns, while fieldwork focused on local groundwater dynamics, including stress periods during low precipitation. This holistic approach facilitated the identification of recharge zones and the development of a comprehensive groundwater flow model. Results from the study highlight the significant impact of precipitation patterns and land cover changes on groundwater recharge rates. The integration of geological features, such as the impermeability of the Blue Clay layer, plays a crucial role in defining the hydrodynamics within the aquifer. This research not only enhances our understanding of the Rabat-Dingli Perched Aquifer but also provides a valuable framework for managing groundwater resources in semi-arid regions, ensuring sustainable water use. Overall, this thesis presents a nuanced exploration of the interplay between natural processes and human activities in shaping groundwater dynamics, offering insights crucial for effective water resource management in the face of climatic variability. This study not only contributes to the academic field but also supports policymaking for sustainable groundwater management in Malta and similar environments.