Integration of battery energy storage in the Maltese LV network

Abstract

Historically, electricity distribution relied solely on centralized sources with no integration of alternative energy sources. However, the surge in renewable energy adoption, particularly from wind and solar, demands innovative solutions to uphold network reliability and efficiency. This dissertation delves into the integration of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) into low voltage networks to navigate these evolving challenges. The objectives of this study encompass a comprehensive understanding of energy storage concepts, simulations of feeder systems with integrated energy storage, placement, and capacity sizing of BESS units. Moreover, it aims to provide an analysis of diverse discharge modes and assess the impact on network power flow dynamics. The findings highlight the effectiveness of peak shaving support in providing support over load following mode. This results in improved power quality and voltage stability along the feeder, while continually maintaining optimal discharge levels to prevent degradation of the BESS. Moreover, selecting battery technologies tailored for peak shaving, offer compelling advantages over those optimized for load following, primarily due to reduced operating flexibility requirements. Furthermore, the integration of BESSs results in a comprehensive enhancement in network performance, curbing energy wastage and maximizing solar energy utilization, thereby fostering sustainability and elevating power quality standards within the feeder infrastructure.