Exploring strategies and adaptations utilised by individuals with multiple sclerosis in carrying out their work and retaining employment

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects more than 1.8 million people worldwide (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2023). The limitations that individuals with MS experience could be visible or hidden, nevertheless, their symptoms may impact different aspects of a person’s life including, paid employment. To bridge the gap in local literature with regards to employment and MS, this study aimed to explore the adaptations adopted, and strategies utilised by individuals diagnosed with MS in carrying out work and retaining employment. Following receipt of ethical approval and relevant permissions, a qualitative research design using audio-recorded semi-structured interviews as a data collecting tool was used to obtain the participants’ in-depth experiences in relation to work and its retention. Participants were chosen via purposive sampling through an intermediary from the list of patients using the Occupational Therapy services at the outpatient department, annexed to a rehabilitation hospital. The participants were required to be an adult, diagnosed with MS, be in regular paid employment, and made use of the aforementioned outpatient service. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data and develop themes, along with their corresponding sub-themes. Three main themes were identified, ‘Challenges Encountered in relation to MS and Work’, ‘Effective Strategies to Perform Work Tasks’ and ‘Facilitating Work and its Retention through Adaptations’. This study revealed that work holds a significant importance to all seven participants. This was evident through the creative strategies and adaptations employed to retain employment and/or secure paid work, despite their limitations. The data additionally described the physical and emotional impact of MS, with fatigue being the prevalent symptom. These factors hindered some participants from performing work tasks. However, with the use of their chosen strategies and adaptations, including rest and work task changes, all remained in paid employment. This study also sought to communicate the participants’ perspectives when it came to working with an unfamiliar condition at the place of work, and what they did to overcome any barriers they encountered. This study aspires to help individuals with MS facing similar challenges, while also contributing new insights to the existing literature for healthcare professionals, especially Occupational Therapists, regarding work and retention strategies for individuals with MS.