Optimal battery sizing for the solar photovoltaic systems supplying a residential load on Maltese islands

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of battery energy storage systems (BESS) for residential photovoltaic (PV) systems in Malta, considering the island's unique energy landscape and regulatory framework. With Malta experiencing a surge in PV installations, the study addresses the challenges posed by reverse power flows on the electrical network and explores BESS as a solution. Utilizing real data on PV generation, and household loads, MATLAB®/Simulink simulations model various scenarios to determine optimal BESS sizes. Three case scenarios were analysed that represent different PV system capacities, revealing the impact of BESS on self-consumption rates and grid interaction. Economic aspects, including return on investment (ROI) and energy cost savings, are also assessed by considering electricity tariffs and feed-in tariffs. The findings highlight optimal BESS capacities for different PV system sizes, balancing technical efficiency with economic feasibility. The study underscores the importance of BESS integration in mitigating grid challenges and maximizing the benefits of residential PV systems, offering insights for policymakers and prosumers alike.