Examining risk management for urban excavation in the Maltese islands in relation to safeguarding third party properties

Abstract

Urban Excavation in the Maltese Islands is very common situation due to its densely built environment presenting numerous challenges to the industry. This dissertation examines the risks associated with excavation works adjacent to third-party properties, with a focus on identifying who bears the risks and how they are managed. Through a systematic analysis of excavation method statements submitted to the Building and Construction Authority (BCA), this study evaluates the effectiveness of current risk mitigation strategies and explores potential improvements to safeguard third-party properties. The study delves into a critique of current practices, legislations and regulatory frameworks, particularly Subsidiary Legislation 623.06, which emphasises procedural compliance but lacks the technical rigour needed to ensure that third parties are effectively safeguarded. The research revealed significant shortcomings in the method statements, with many failing to adequately address site-specific risks such as fissuring, fracturing, ground movement, and structural appraisal for the foundations of the neighbouring properties. Risk assessments were often generalised, leading to inequitable burden of risk being placed on third-party owners who are frequently uninformed or inadequately protected. While mitigation measures like underpinning and staged excavations are available, they are not always effectively implemented, leaving properties vulnerable to serviceability issues and, in extreme cases, collapse.