Soundscape : sound and comfort in the Maltese urban environment

Abstract

In 2022, the Maltese Environment & Resources Authority (ERA) published a public consultation document on the Noise Action Plan for Malta. Data for noise levels pertaining to noise emanating from roads suggests significant increases in noise levels in the period of 2006-2016 (ERA, n.d.). The recent media debate about nightlife activities in Valletta indicates that concerns as to the quality of the aural environment are on the increase. As we are becoming an increasingly more vision-oriented society, we often forget that we also interact with the urban environment through our other senses (Spence, 2020). However, we cannot be completely indifferent to these constantly changing conditions of the acoustic environment because, although we may not be consciously aware of them, they have a major impact on our physical and mental health (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2018). This makes auditory comfort an important aspect of a quality public realm. Indeed, Wunderlich (2013) studied the rhythmic qualities of public space use and observed the importance of a ‘hi-fi soundscape’, where the provenance and proximity of sounds can be easily discerned, to auditory comfort. This dissertation considers the acoustic qualities of the Maltese built environment and the relationships between noise and comfort. The research involves the use of soundwalks in combination with questionnaires filled in at individual stops during the walk. The questionnaires consist of closed-ended questions on a scale of 1-5 and open-ended questions. Sound level measurements taken during the walk and included with photographs provide context for the research site. The selected site encompasses as many model situations commonly encountered in the local acoustic environment as possible. The key findings of this dissertation highlight that the Maltese soundscapes are lacking in natural sounds in some areas. Traffic noise is a significant contributor to the soundscape, often making the aural environment less pleasant for participants. On the other hand, identified natural sounds, like birdsong, enhance the auditory experience, contributing to a more pleasant soundscape. This research provides valuable insights into the relationship between soundscapes and shows how users of these spaces assess them regarding the comfort and auditory quality of public space in residential areas. Thus, it offers a foundation for urban planners, policymakers, and stakeholders to devise comprehensive strategies for soundscape management and urban planning.