The conflict between clericalism and educators’ professional agency in Catholic schools : a Maltese Catholic school case study review

Abstract

This study is set against the backdrop of Malta's educational landscape. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of clericalism on educators’ professionality in Catholic schools. The research delves into the ramifications of clericalism on pedagogical approaches. Further, the study examines how clericalism influences the school's inclusive ideals and operational practices, together with its effect on the democratic and collegial processes within the Catholic school. The literature review serves as the foundation for the research. It provides a comprehensive overview and explores existing literature on the concept of clericalism with a particular focus on its manifestations within Catholic schools and the stakeholders involved. This case study employs a qualitative approach guided by three key research questions. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with educators and senior leadership team members. The collected data, which was analysed thematically, provided an in-depth understanding of the participants’ perspectives and ensured a comprehensive exploration of their unique experiences. The findings reveal that the power dynamics within the religious orders and the power exerted by the clerical clergy impacts directly the educators’ professional agency and pedagogy. Consequently, the educators are viewed as subordinates to the clergy. The democratic functioning of the Catholic school is compromised by the religious order's dominance. While the Archbishop of Malta and educators promote an inclusive ethos that values disability, religion, culture and diverse sexual identities, clericalism tends to focus inclusion exclusively on people with disability, overlooking broader inclusion and diversity issues. To address the challenges posed by contemporary culture and mitigate the effects of clericalism, the study explores solutions proposed by participants alongside the teachings of Vatican II and Pope Francis. Finally, the recommendations aim to support future research, which may also be directed to other Catholic schools in Malta. Further research could be carried out on training for the members of the clergy, including aspects of Paolo Freire and Bell Hooks related to freedom and democracy.