A qualitative analysis of the experience of women who receive a false-positive result at the National Breast Screening Unit

Abstract

Background: Women's experiences during breast screening appointments significantly influence their future participation. This study explores the impacts of false-positive results on the overall experience of women attending further investigation clinics in the Malta National Breast Screening Unit (MNBSU). Objectives: The objectives were to examine the effects of false-positive results on women’s emotional experiences and their willingness to re-attend future screenings, to assess the differences if any between non-invasive and invasive follow-up procedures, to evaluate perceptions of the screening programme, and to identify strategies to support women during these experiences. Study Design and Approach: A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted to address a gap in local research. Women aged 50–69 who attended further investigation clinics at the MNSBU and received a false positive result were invited to participate. Open-ended semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 consenting participants, and in-depth data was collected. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify, analyse, and interpret patterns and emerging themes within the data collected, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of participants' experiences. Findings: The findings revealed that further investigation often caused anxiety, fear, and overwhelming emotions, particularly among women undergoing invasive procedures. Despite these challenges, participants expressed relief upon receiving normal outcomes and maintained a positive perception of the screening programme, appreciating its thoroughness and role in early detection. Participant recommendations highlighted the need for faster reporting and results systems, enhanced emotional support during stressful periods, and improved communication to alleviate distress during follow-up assessments. Conclusion and Recommendations: Recommendations for future research and clinical practice; emphasise the need for larger sample sizes, longitudinal studies, and evaluations of support mechanisms to enhance the breast screening experience. Insights into factors influencing re-attendance and long-term psychological effects are also proposed to further improve patient-centred care in breast screening programmes.