Marginal voices : sub-state units and symbolic exclusion in the Eurovision song contest

Abstract

The Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) is celebrated for showcasing songs that represent nations and fostering a sense of transnational unity. The contest is centred on European entrants, but has expanded to include several other nation-states as determined by the rules of the organising body. However, the non-participation of Europe's various subnational jurisdictions, or ‘sub-state units’ (SSUs), including (semi-)autonomous territories/regions and microstates, raises questions about cultural sovereignty, hegemony and symbolic exclusion. This article explores the dynamics of exclusion within the ESC, focusing on the mechanisms that preclude SSUs from participating. Through a study of the ESC’s regulatory practices, the UK and other British jurisdictions, the article argues that exclusion is not merely a matter of logistical constraints, but a reflection of deeper geopolitical realities. The findings underscore the need for a more inclusive approach in international arenas, one that recognises and values the voices of all European entities, regardless of size or political status.