Introducing social exchange theory (SET) in outreach practices - enhancing student engagement

Abstract

Academic libraries are essential hubs for student learning and research, yet many struggle to attract and sustain student engagement with their services. Traditional outreach efforts often focus on information dissemination rather than fostering meaningful interactions. This study introduces Social Exchange Theory (SET) as a novel framework for library outreach, emphasising the role of reciprocity, trust, and perceived benefits in shaping student-library relationships. By viewing engagement as a dynamic social exchange rather than a one-way service offering, libraries can create more compelling and participatory outreach initiatives. This research employs a qualitative case study approach to examine outreach practices at the University of Malta Library. Using interviews, surveys, and observational analysis, the study explores how SET-driven strategies impact student perceptions, participation, and resource utilisation. Findings reveal that when students perceive tangible and intangible benefits, such as academic support, social connections, and personal growth, they are more likely to engage actively with library services. Additionally, fostering trust and two-way interactions between students and librarians enhances not only library usage but also the library’s role as a vital academic and social space. By reimagining outreach through the lens of SET, this study offers actionable insights for academic libraries seeking to move beyond passive service promotion toward strategies that cultivate sustained student engagement and long-term institutional value. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for leveraging SET to design more interactive, student-centered outreach models that transform libraries into dynamic learning communities.